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vicki
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why does vanadium have maximum observed oxidation state of +5 while for Co the maximum observed oxidation state is +3? why are solutions of chromium(2) acidic? 
What would be the place to start, when looking for an answer to this? Should there be any reason for V and Co to have the same oxidation states? (In any case, Co(+4) exists too, such as in the fluoride, CoF4).vicki said:
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a transition metal commonly found in minerals and is used in the production of steel and alloys. The reason for its maximum observed oxidation state of +5 is due to the electronic configuration of vanadium, which has five valence electrons. This allows it to form stable compounds with a +5 oxidation state.
Vanadium achieves an oxidation state of +5 by losing all five of its valence electrons. This can occur through the transfer of electrons to other atoms or through the formation of covalent bonds with other elements.
Vanadium's maximum observed oxidation state is important because it allows for the formation of a wide range of compounds with varying properties. This makes it a versatile element in industries such as steel production and energy storage.
Yes, there are some exceptions to vanadium's maximum observed oxidation state of +5. In certain compounds, vanadium can exhibit an oxidation state of +4 or +3. However, these compounds are less stable and are not commonly observed.
The maximum observed oxidation state of vanadium is relatively high compared to other elements. For example, the maximum observed oxidation state of iron is +6, while the maximum for manganese is +7. This is due to the unique electronic configuration of vanadium, which allows for the formation of stable compounds with a +5 oxidation state.