# Why is noise always gaussian?

1. Oct 10, 2008

### csaspp

hi
i want to know why while dealing with any noise based application noise is assumed to be gaussian distributed?

give me the explanation clearly plz

2. Oct 10, 2008

### Crosson

Gauss developed the gaussian distribution to analyze measurement errors. He is often considered the greatest mathematician of all time, for many reasons, and in this case he was doing applied work in astronomy and realized he needed a general theory of error analysis. He proved that as long as the deviations from the true value are random, then the measurements will be in a gaussian distribution.

In other words noise is almost always normally distributed in all measurements under very general conditions, aside from unusual cases that involve a nonlinear bias in the measurement, or nonlinearity in the system itself (such phenomena are difficult to study for many reasons, and so the vast majority of applications deal with linear phenomena).

3. Oct 10, 2008

### maze

central limit theorem!

4. Oct 10, 2008

### HallsofIvy

Staff Emeritus
Yes, central limit theorem. By the central limit theorem, any sum or average of samples from ANY distribution (with finite mean and standard deviation) will be approximately Gaussian with the approximation better for larger samples. We can always consider "noise" or any measurement, as made up of many smaller parts so we can always assume an arbitrarily close approximation to Gaussian: i.e. Gaussian itself.

5. Oct 23, 2008

### Psycopathak

Unless the number of observations are low, in which case you can use the poisson distribution, correct?

Yeah, I always loved signal to noise ratio!

6. Oct 23, 2008

### HallsofIvy

Staff Emeritus
In modern music, how do you determine what is "signal" and what is "noise"?

7. Oct 23, 2008