Tension forces always pull away from the objects on which they act. The cable tension force on the mass acts up. The cable tension force on the pulley acts down.cjavier said:
Torque switches direction because it is a vector quantity that depends on both the magnitude and direction of the force applied. When the direction of the force changes, the direction of the torque also changes.
The direction of torque changes when either the direction of the force or the position vector changes. This can be caused by a change in the applied force, a change in the angle of application, or a change in the position of the force relative to the axis of rotation.
Torque is responsible for causing rotational motion by creating a rotational force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. The magnitude of the torque determines the speed of the rotation, while the direction of the torque determines the direction of the rotation.
Torque is important in mechanical systems because it is the measure of the rotational force that is applied to an object. It is used to calculate the amount of work done by a force on a rotating object and is crucial in the design and analysis of many mechanical systems, such as engines and gears.
Torque can be increased by either increasing the magnitude of the applied force or by increasing the distance between the force and the axis of rotation. It can be decreased by decreasing the magnitude of the applied force or by decreasing the distance between the force and the axis of rotation.