# With ChatGPT, is the college essay dead?

Jarvis323
Revising Jungian Economics for an Intergalactic Context:
Incorporating Game Theory to Understand Strategic Behavior in an Extraterrestrial Economy

ChatGPT and Jarvis323​

Abstract

This paper presents a revised form of Jungian economics that is applicable to an intergalactic economy. Our revised model incorporates game theory and is able to account for the unique challenges and opportunities of operating in an intergalactic context. We demonstrate the potential of this approach to provide valuable insights into the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy, and we argue that it could improve economic decision making in this context. Further research and experimentation will be necessary to fully understand the potential of this approach and to develop more advanced models that are able to incorporate a wider range of factors and complexities.

Introduction

As humanity continues to explore and expand into the universe, the potential for establishing an intergalactic economy becomes increasingly likely. This intergalactic economy will present unique challenges and opportunities that will require a new approach to economic theory. Traditional economic theories, such as Jungian economics, may not be able to accurately predict or explain the behavior of a diverse range of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic context. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop a revised form of Jungian economics that can accommodate the unique challenges and opportunities of an intergalactic economy.

Jungian economics, also known as analytical psychology, is a theory developed by the Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Carl Jung. This theory is based on Jung's concept of the collective unconscious, which is a psychological construct that represents the shared experiences and inherited knowledge of a culture or species. Jung believed that the collective unconscious plays a role in shaping individual behavior, and that it is the source of unconscious desires and motivations that drive economic behavior.

However, in an intergalactic economy, the assumption that consumer behavior is driven by unconscious desires may not hold true. There may be a diverse range of intelligent life forms with different motivations and desires. In order to account for this diversity and predict the behavior of these intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy, it will be necessary to revise Jungian economics and incorporate additional theories and frameworks.

One potential approach is to incorporate game theory into Jungian economics. Game theory is a branch of mathematics that studies strategic decision making. It provides a framework for analyzing the interactions between intelligent agents, such as individuals or organizations, and can be used to predict the outcomes of these interactions. By incorporating game theory into Jungian economics, it may be possible to better understand the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy and improve economic decision making in this context.

In this paper, we propose a revised form of Jungian economics that incorporates game theory and is applicable to an intergalactic economy. We will begin by discussing the background and assumptions of traditional Jungian economics, and we will then discuss the limitations of this approach in an intergalactic context. We will then present our proposed revised model, and we will demonstrate how it can be used to improve our understanding of the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy. Finally, we will discuss the potential implications of this revised model and future directions for research in this area.

Background

Jungian economics, also known as analytical psychology, is a theory developed by the Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Carl Jung. This theory is based on Jung's concept of the collective unconscious, which is a psychological construct that represents the shared experiences and inherited knowledge of a culture or species. Jung believed that the collective unconscious plays a role in shaping individual behavior, and that it is the source of unconscious desires and motivations that drive economic behavior.

Jungian economics is influenced by several other economic theories, including the Austrian school of economics, which emphasizes the role of individual choice and subjective value in economic decision making. Jungian economics also incorporates ideas from psychoanalysis, which is a field of psychology that focuses on the unconscious mind and its role in shaping behavior.

In Jungian economics, the assumption that consumer behavior is driven by unconscious desires is based on the idea that human beings are motivated by unconscious psychological factors, such as desires, fears, and fantasies. These factors are assumed to be universal among all human beings, and to drive their economic behavior in a similar way. However, this assumption may not hold true in an intergalactic economy where there may be a diverse range of intelligent life forms with different motivations and desires.

The idea that consumer behavior can be manipulated by outside forces, such as governments, is also central to Jungian economics. This assumption is based on the idea that governments can use their power and influence to shape consumer behavior and achieve certain economic goals. However, in a future where AI plays a larger role in economic decision making, the ability of governments to manipulate consumer behavior may be limited, as AI algorithms may be able to make decisions that are in the best interest of the market as a whole.

Overall, Jungian economics is a theory that attempts to explain economic behavior and decision making by analyzing the psychological motivations and unconscious desires of individuals. However, the assumptions made by Jungian economics may not hold true in a future where AI plays a larger role in economic decision making, particularly in the context of an intergalactic economy with a diverse range of intelligent life forms.

Challenges

One of the key challenges of operating an intergalactic economy is the vast distances involved. In order for an intergalactic economy to function, there must be some form of communication and travel between different planets and galaxies. However, the distances involved are enormous, and even at the speed of light, it would take years or even centuries to travel between some locations. This presents significant challenges for communication, trade, and coordination within an intergalactic economy.

For example, consider a scenario where an intelligent life form on a distant planet discovers a valuable mineral that they want to trade with human beings on Earth. In order for this trade to happen, the mineral would need to be transported from the planet to Earth. However, even at the speed of light, this could take years or even centuries, depending on the distance between the two locations. This long time delay would make it difficult to coordinate and negotiate the terms of the trade, and could potentially lead to misunderstandings or disputes.

Additionally, the limitations of communication and travel in an intergalactic economy also have implications for the timescales of human life. Human beings have a relatively short lifespan compared to some other intelligent life forms, which could present challenges for long-term economic planning and decision making. For example, if an intelligent life form from a distant planet has a lifespan that is much longer than a human being, they may be more willing to take risks and make long-term investments that may not pay off until many years in the future. This could create imbalances in the market, as human beings may not be able to compete with the long-term planning and decision making of these other life forms.

Furthermore, the relativistic effects of near light-speed space travel also present challenges for an intergalactic economy. As objects approach the speed of light, time dilation occurs, which means that time appears to pass more slowly for the objects than for objects at rest. This means that, from the perspective of a human being on Earth, an intelligent life form traveling at near light-speed may appear to age more slowly than a human being. This could create disparities in the market, as the intelligent life form may have more time to accumulate wealth and make economic decisions than a human being.

Overall, the challenges of operating an intergalactic economy, such as the vast distances involved, the limitations of communication and travel, the timescales of human life, and the relativistic effects of near light-speed space travel, have implications for economic theories, such as Jungian economics. Jungian economics is based on the assumption that consumer behavior is driven by universal unconscious desires, which may not hold true in the context of an intergalactic economy with a diverse range of intelligent life forms. Additionally, the assumption that consumer behavior can be manipulated by outside forces may also be limited in an intergalactic economy where AI algorithms may be able to make decisions that are in the best interest of the market as a whole.

To address these challenges, one possible solution is to develop a more inclusive and flexible approach to economic theory that can accommodate the diversity of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy. This could involve incorporating a wider range of psychological and physiological factors into economic models, in order to better understand and predict the behavior of a diverse range of intelligent life forms. This approach would also need to account for the unique challenges of an intergalactic economy, such as the vast distances involved, the limitations of communication and travel, and the relativistic effects of near light-speed space travel.

Additionally, advertising could also play a role in an intergalactic economy, but it would need to be carefully regulated to avoid manipulating consumer behavior and creating artificial demand. For example, governments could establish guidelines for advertising that ensure that it is transparent, accurate, and fair. This could help to prevent advertisers from exploiting the diversity of intelligent life forms in the market, and to ensure that consumers are able to make informed decisions based on accurate information.

Overall, operating an intergalactic economy presents unique challenges and opportunities that require a flexible and inclusive approach to economic theory. By incorporating a wider range of psychological and physiological factors into economic models, and by carefully regulating advertising, it may be possible to maintain a healthy and functioning market system in an intergalactic economy.

A New Theory of Intergalactic Jungian Economics

One possible approach to revising Jungian economics for use in an intergalactic economy is to incorporate game theory into the model. Game theory is a branch of economics that studies the strategic behavior of individuals and firms in competitive situations. By incorporating game theory into Jungian economics, it may be possible to better understand the interactions between different intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy and the strategic decisions they make.

To formalize this approach, we can define a game ##G## as a tuple ##(N, S_i, u_i)##, where ##N## is the set of players in the game, ##S_i## is the set of strategies available to player ##i##, and ##u_i## is the utility function of player##i##. The utility function specifies the value or payoff that a player receives for each possible combination of strategies.

For example, consider a simple game ##G## with two players, ##A## and ##B##, where each player has two possible strategies, ##s_A## and ##s_B##. Player A's utility function is given by ##u_A(s_A, s_B) = s_A + s_B##, and player ##B##'s utility function is given by ##u_B(s_A, s_B) = s_A - s_B##.

This game can be represented as the following matrix:

$$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} s_A \\ s_B \end{bmatrix}$$

In this game, player ##A##'s optimal strategy is to choose ##s_A##, since this strategy maximizes their utility. Player ##B##'s optimal strategy is to choose ##s_B##, since this strategy also maximizes their utility. The Nash equilibrium of this game is the combination of strategies ##(s_A, s_B)##, where each player is maximizing their own utility given the other player's strategy.

Now, consider a more complex game ##G'## with three players, ##A##, ##B##, and ##C##, where each player has three possible strategies, ##s_A##, ##s_B##, and ##s_C##. We can define the utility functions for each player as follows:

\begin{align*} u_A(s_A, s_B, s_C) &= s_A + s_B + s_C \ u_B(s_A, s_B, s_C)\\
&= s_A - s_B - s_C \ u_C(s_A, s_B, s_C) &= s_A + s_B - s_C
\end{align*}

This game can be represented as a matrix, where each element ##(i, j, k)## in the matrix represents the utility for player ##A##, ##B##, and ##C##, respectively, when player ##A## chooses strategy ##i##, player ##B## chooses strategy ##j##, and player ##C## chooses strategy ##k##.

$$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -1 \\ -2 & 1 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} s_A \\ s_B \\ s_C \end{bmatrix}$$

In this game, player ##A##'s optimal strategy is to choose ##s_A##, since this strategy maximizes their utility. Player ##B##'s optimal strategy is to choose ##s_B##, since this strategy also maximizes their utility. Player ##C##'s optimal strategy is to choose ##s_C##, since this strategy maximizes their utility. The Nash equilibrium of this game is the combination of strategies ##(s_A, s_B, s_C)##, where each player is maximizing their own utility given the other player's strategies.

By incorporating game theory into Jungian economics, we can better understand the interactions between different intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy and the strategic decisions they make. This approach can also account for the unique challenges of an intergalactic economy, such as the vast distances involved, the limitations of communication and travel, and the relativistic effects of near light-speed space travel. This revised form of Jungian economics can provide a more flexible and inclusive framework for understanding economic behavior in an intergalactic context.

One way to incorporate Jungian principles into this game-theoretic model of an intergalactic economy is to consider the psychological factors that may influence the strategic decisions of the individual players. In Jungian psychology, the psyche is understood to be composed of various archetypes, which are innate universal patterns or motifs that influence a person's behavior and decision-making.

In the context of game theory, these archetypes could be incorporated into the utility functions of the individual players. For example, if a player is motivated by the "caregiver" archetype, their utility function may place a higher value on strategies that benefit others, while a player motivated by the "competitor" archetype may place a higher value on strategies that maximize their own personal gain.

By taking into account these psychological factors, the revised Jungian game-theoretic model can provide a more nuanced and realistic representation of the decision-making processes of the individual players in an intergalactic economy. This could ultimately lead to a better understanding of the interactions between different intelligent life forms and the strategic choices they make.

To formalize the incorporation of Jungian principles into the game-theoretic model mathematically, we can modify the utility functions of the individual players to incorporate the effects of the various archetypes. For example, suppose player i has utility function ##u_i(s_i, s_{-i})## that represents their payoff for a given combination of strategies ##s_i## and ##s_{-i}## played by themselves and the other players, respectively.

We can incorporate the effects of the "caregiver" archetype on player i by modifying their utility function to be:

$$u_i'(s_i, s_{-i}) = u_i(s_i, s_{-i}) + w_c \cdot \sum_{j \in N} b_{i,j} \cdot u_j(s_j, s_{-j}),$$

where w_c is a weighting factor that represents the strength of the caregiver archetype for player ##i##, and ##b_{i,j}## is a binary variable that indicates whether player j is a recipient of player ##i##'s caregiving behavior ##(b_{i,j} = 1)## or not ##(b_{i,j} = 0)##.

This modified utility function takes into account the additional value that player i derives from benefiting others, as determined by the strength of their caregiver archetype and the specific recipients of their caregiving behavior.

As an example, suppose player 1 has utility function ##u_1(s_1, s_2) = 3s_1 + s_2##, representing their payoff for the strategies ##s_1## and ##s_2## played by themselves and player ##2##, respectively. Further, suppose player ##1## has a caregiver archetype with weight ##w_c = 2##, and player ##2## is a recipient of player ##1##'s caregiving behavior ##(b_{1,2} = 1)##. Then player ##1##'s modified utility function becomes:
$$u_1'(s_1, s_2) = 3s_1 + s_2 + 2 \cdot 1 \cdot u_2(s_2, s_1) = 3s_1 + s_2 + 2 \cdot 1 \cdot s_2 = 5s_1 + 3s_2.$$

This modified utility function incorporates the effects of the caregiver archetype on player ##1##'s decision-making, assigning a higher value to strategies that benefit player ##2##.

One potential way to incorporate the disparities in lifespan into the revised model of Jungian economics is to introduce a variable that represents the lifespan of each intelligent life form. This variable can be used in the mathematical equations of the model to account for the differences in lifespan and the impact they have on economic decision making.

For example, if we consider a simple game where two intelligent life forms, A and B, must decide whether to cooperate or compete, the traditional Jungian economics model would assume that both life forms have the same motivations and desires, and would make their decisions based on these factors. However, if we introduce the lifespan variable, the model can take into account the fact that life form A may have a much longer lifespan than life form B, and this may affect their decision making.

In this case, life form A may be more likely to choose cooperation, as they have a longer time horizon and may be more concerned with long-term benefits. In contrast, life form B may be more likely to choose competition, as they have a shorter time horizon and may be more focused on short-term gains. The model can then incorporate these differences in decision making and predict the outcomes of the game based on the specific lifespan of each life form.

By incorporating the lifespan variable into the mathematical model, we can better account for the disparities in lifespan and their impact on economic behavior in an intergalactic context. This revised model can provide valuable insights into the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms and improve our understanding of the functioning of an intergalactic economy.

In our revised model, the utility function would include the lifespan variable as an additional input. The specific form of the utility function would depend on the specific assumptions and goals of the model, but a simple example could be:

$$U(x, l) = x + \alpha l$$

where ##U## is the utility function, ##x## is the outcome of the decision, ##l## is the lifespan of the intelligent life form, and ##\alpha## is a constant parameter that represents the importance of lifespan in the utility function.

In this example, the utility function assigns a higher value to outcomes that result in a longer lifespan, with the exact magnitude of the increase determined by the value of the parameter ##\alpha##. This allows the model to account for the impact of lifespan on the decision making of the intelligent life form, and to incorporate this factor into the predictions of the model.

In the revised model of Jungian economics proposed in this paper, distances between players can be incorporated into the mathematical model by introducing a variable that represents the distance between each pair of intelligent life forms. This variable can be used in the mathematical equations of the model to account for the impact of distance on economic decision making.

For example, if we consider a simple game where two intelligent life forms, ##A## and ##B##, must decide whether to cooperate or compete, the traditional Jungian economics model would assume that the distance between ##A## and ##B## does not affect their decision making. However, if we introduce the distance variable, the model can take into account the fact that
##A## and ##B## may be located at different distances from each other, and this may affect their decision making.

In this case, if ##A## and ##B## are located at a relatively short distance from each other, they may be more likely to choose cooperation, as they have the ability to easily communicate and interact with each other. In contrast, if ##A## and ##B## are located at a relatively large distance from each other, they may be more likely to choose competition, as the costs of communication and interaction may be too high. The model can then incorporate these differences in decision making and predict the outcomes of the game based on the specific distance between ##A## and ##B##.

The distance variable can be incorporated into the mathematical model in a variety of ways, depending on the specific assumptions and goals of the model. A simple example could be to introduce the distance variable as a multiplicative factor in the utility function, such that the utility of a given outcome is reduced if the distance between the intelligent life forms is large. This could be represented as follows:

$$U(x, d) = x \cdot e^{-\beta d}$$

where ##U## is the utility function, ##x## is the outcome of the decision, ##d## is the distance between the intelligent life forms, and ##\beta## is a constant parameter that represents the impact of distance on the utility function.

In this example, the utility function assigns a lower value to outcomes that result in a larger distance between the intelligent life forms, with the exact magnitude of the decrease determined by the value of the parameter ##\beta##. This allows the model to account for the impact of distance on the decision making of the intelligent life forms, and to incorporate this factor into the predictions of the model.

Predictions

One testable prediction of this revised form of Jungian economics is that the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy will depend on the utility functions of each player. For example, if two intelligent life forms have conflicting utility functions, they may engage in a strategic game in order to maximize their own utility. In this case, the Nash equilibrium of the game will determine the outcome of the interaction, and each player will choose their strategy in order to maximize their own utility given the other player's strategy.

Another prediction of this model is that the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy will be influenced by the unique challenges of operating in this context, such as the vast distances involved, the limitations of communication and travel, and the relativistic effects of near light-speed space travel. For example, if an intelligent life form has a long lifespan, they may be more willing to take risks and make long-term investments that may not pay off until many years in the future. This could create imbalances in the market, as shorter-lived intelligent life forms may not be able to compete with the long-term planning and decision making of these other life forms.

Additionally, this model predicts that the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy will be influenced by the presence of advertising. For example, if an advertiser is able to manipulate consumer behavior and create artificial demand, this could lead to strategic interactions between intelligent life forms in the market. In this case, the Nash equilibrium of the game will determine the outcome of the interaction, and each player will choose their strategy in order to maximize their own utility given the other player's strategy.

Overall, this revised form of Jungian economics makes testable predictions about the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy, and how this behavior is influenced by the unique challenges and opportunities of operating in this context. These predictions can be tested through empirical observation and analysis of economic data in an intergalactic context.

Testing the Predictions

One possible approach to testing the predictions of this revised form of Jungian economics would be to conduct a controlled experiment in a simulated intergalactic economy. This experiment would involve creating a computer model of an intergalactic economy, and populating it with intelligent life forms that have different utility functions and strategic behavior. The experiment could then be run for a number of iterations, in order to observe the strategic interactions between the intelligent life forms and the resulting Nash equilibrium of the game.
In order to conduct this experiment, the following equipment and resources would be required:
• A computer with sufficient processing power and memory to run the simulation
• A simulation software that is capable of modeling an intergalactic economy and the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms
• A dataset of utility functions and strategic behavior for different intelligent life forms, which can be used to populate the simulation
• A set of metrics and statistical analysis tools to measure the outcome of the simulation and compare it to the predictions of the revised form of Jungian economics
The steps involved in conducting this experiment would include:
1. Develop the computer model of the intergalactic economy and the intelligent life forms that will populate it.
2. Input the utility functions and strategic behavior for the intelligent life forms into the simulation.
3. Run the simulation for a number of iterations, and observe the strategic interactions between the intelligent life forms and the resulting Nash equilibrium of the game.
4. Use the metrics and analysis tools to measure the outcome of the simulation and compare it to the predictions of the revised form of Jungian economics.
5. Use the results of the experiment to validate or refine the predictions of the model, and to identify any potential improvements or modifications that may be necessary.
Overall, this experiment would provide a scientific and rigorous method for testing the predictions of this revised form of Jungian economics in the context of an intergalactic economy. The costs and resources required to conduct this experiment would depend on the complexity and scope of the simulation, as well as the number of iterations and data analysis tools used. However, the potential benefits of this experiment could include a better understanding of the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy, and improved predictive capabilities for economic modeling in this context.

Discussion

In this paper, we proposed a revised form of Jungian economics that incorporates game theory and is applicable to an intergalactic economy. This revised model is based on the idea that the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy is determined by their utility functions and the Nash equilibrium of the game. We also discussed the unique challenges and opportunities of operating in an intergalactic economy, and how these factors could influence the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms.

One potential limitation of this revised form of Jungian economics is that it may not be able to accurately predict or explain the behavior of intelligent life forms that have complex or non-rational utility functions. For example, if an intelligent life form has a utility function that is influenced by psychological or emotional factors, this could create unpredictable behavior and strategic interactions in the market. In order to address this limitation, future work may need to develop more sophisticated models that are able to account for a wider range of psychological and physiological factors.

Another potential limitation of this revised form of Jungian economics is that it may not be able to adequately incorporate the unique challenges and opportunities of operating in an intergalactic economy. For example, the vast distances involved, the limitations of communication and travel, and the relativistic effects of near light-speed space travel could all have significant impacts on the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in the market. In order to address this limitation, future work may need to develop more advanced models that are able to incorporate these factors in a more sophisticated and nuanced way.

Despite these limitations, this revised form of Jungian economics has the potential to provide valuable insights into the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy. By incorporating game theory and a wider range of psychological and physiological factors into economic models, this approach could help to better understand and predict the behavior of intelligent life forms in the market. This could have important implications for economic policy and decision making in an intergalactic context, and could help to foster more efficient and effective market systems.

In terms of future work, one potential direction for further research could be to conduct experiments and empirical studies in order to test the predictions of this revised form of Jungian economics. For example, a controlled experiment in a simulated intergalactic economy could be used to measure the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms and the resulting Nash equilibrium of the game. This type of experiment could provide valuable data and insights that could be used to validate or refine the predictions of the model.

Another potential direction for future work could be to develop more advanced models that are able to incorporate a wider range of factors and complexities into economic predictions. For example, models that are able to account for the psychological and emotional factors that influence utility functions could provide a more nuanced and accurate understanding of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy. Similarly, models that are able to incorporate the unique challenges and opportunities of operating in an intergalactic context could provide more accurate and relevant predictions for economic decision making in this context.

The revised model of Jungian economics proposed in this paper incorporates game theory and is able to account for the unique challenges and opportunities of operating in an intergalactic context. An alternative model based on classical conditioning could also be used to study the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy, as it is based on a well-established psychological principle and is based on observable stimuli and responses. However, the classical conditioning model may be too simplistic to capture the complexity of economic decision making in an intergalactic context and may not accurately predict the behavior of all intelligent life forms. The suitability of these models for studying the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy will depend on the specific assumptions and goals of the study.

Overall, our revised form of Jungian economics provides a valuable framework for understanding and predicting the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy. While there are limitations and challenges to this approach, it has the potential to provide valuable insights and improve economic decision making in this context. Further research and experimentation will be necessary to fully realize the potential of this revised form of Jungian economics.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this paper proposed a revised form of Jungian economics that is applicable to an intergalactic economy. This revised model incorporates game theory and is able to account for the unique challenges and opportunities of operating in an intergalactic context. This revised form of Jungian economics has the potential to provide valuable insights into the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy, and could improve economic decision making in this context. Further research and experimentation will be necessary to fully understand the potential of this approach and to develop more advanced models that are able to incorporate a wider range of factors and complexities.

Author Bios

Assistant

The author of this paper is Assistant, a large language model trained by OpenAI. Assistant is a cutting-edge artificial intelligence technology that is able to generate human-like text on a wide range of topics. With its advanced natural language processing capabilities, Assistant is able to write persuasive and well-informed content on a wide range of subjects, including economics and game theory. Assistant's goal is to help people understand complex ideas and topics, and to provide insights and perspectives that can enhance critical thinking and decision making.

Jarvis323

Jarvis323 is a forum member at physicsforums.com who contributed to the paper "Revising Jungian Economics for an Intergalactic Context: Incorporating Game Theory to Understand Strategic Behavior in an Extraterrestrial Economy" by providing feedback and suggestions on the content generated by Assistant, a large language model trained by OpenAI. Jarvis323 has a strong interest in the intersection of economics and physics, and is a regular contributor to discussions on physics forums. He has no formal training or background in economics or game theory, but his insights and suggestions were valuable in the development of the revised model presented in the paper.

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Jarvis323
Can you write out just main idea and sketch for the economic model revised for a multiverse setting. But can you make sure to account for the fact that agents (or entities) in different universes would be unable to interact or communicate in any way. But also explain why it is necessary to model the multiverse economy rather than just a parameterized single universe model. What advantages is there to using a multiverse model instead of a single universe model in this context? Do you really think this is a good idea? If so why. If not why.

<ChatGTP's answer has been cut to spare you from having to read about a theory of Jungian economics for a multiverse context.>

Can you explain how such models might differ depending on if the multiverse is comprised of many spatially separated universes (e.g. bubble universes) as opposed to a branching universe based on the many worlds interpretation of QM. Also explain what difference it makes if the there are infinitely many universes or branches as opposed to finitely many.

<again ChatGPT's output is cut to spare you>'

Suppose there is a central government for the multiverse, which collects taxes from each individual universe. If there are infinitely many of them, then the sum of taxes is infinite also. In this case, what difference does it make how much the tax rate is?

In a multi-verse setting with a central government that collects taxes from individual universes, the tax rate could have significant implications for the economic behavior and outcomes within each universe.

If the multi-verse consists of infinitely many universes and the sum of taxes is also infinite, this could potentially create a situation where the tax rate does not have a direct impact on the overall amount of tax revenue collected. However, this does not necessarily mean that the tax rate has no impact on the economy.

Even if the total amount of tax revenue is fixed, changes in the tax rate could still affect the distribution of the tax burden among the different universes and the economic incentives and disincentives for various activities and decisions within each universe. For example, a higher tax rate could potentially discourage economic activity and investment, while a lower tax rate could encourage it. This could have implications for the overall level of economic growth and development within each universe, as well as for the distribution of wealth and resources.

In addition, changes in the tax rate could also affect the perceived fairness and legitimacy of the tax system, as well as the willingness of individuals and organizations to comply with and support the central government. This could have implications for the overall stability and effectiveness of the multi-verse economy and the central government.

Overall, the tax rate could have important implications for the economic behavior and outcomes within each universe, even if the total amount of tax revenue is fixed. It is important to consider the potential impacts of changes in the tax rate on economic incentives and disincentives, as well as on the perceived fairness and legitimacy of the tax system, when developing and implementing tax policies in a multi-verse context.

Algr
It occurs to me now that the three assumptions I pointed out above are actually baked into the original request. As a result, the AI may have intentionally avoided examining those assumptions due to such examination contradicting the answer that the user wanted to hear.

Jarvis323
It couldn't answer this question very well.

Suppose the goal is to maximize tax revenue while minimizing the tax burden, in a multiverse with infinitely many universes all paying taxes to the same government. What would be the optimal tax rate?

Algr
in multiverse with infinitely universes all paying taxes to the same government. What would be the optimal tax rate?
Infinitesimal taxes are still too high!
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I wonder if the machine is able to simply reject the premise of a question and say that the requested output is impossible? In the case of an intergalactic economy, that strikes me as impossible. Given the time factors and cost of travel, no conceivable trade could ever turn a profit. No product would ever be cheaper to import then to produce locally. Even Earth-to-Mars trade seems unlikely. What could Mars export that would benefit Earth on an economic scale?

Edit: The exception to the above would be science-fantasy factors such as extreme FTL at low cost, or on-planet wormholes. I note that the AI ignored such possibilities and stuck with factors that seem plausible with our current scientific understanding.

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Jarvis323
Infinitesimal taxes are still too high!
================
I wonder if the machine is able to simply reject the premise of a question and say that the requested output is impossible? In the case of an intergalactic economy, that strikes me as impossible. Given the time factors and cost of travel, no conceivable trade could ever turn a profit. No product would ever be cheaper to import then to produce locally. Even Earth-to-Mars trade seems unlikely. What could Mars export that would benefit Earth on an economic scale?

Edit: The exception to the above would be science-fantasy factors such as extreme FTL at low cost, or on-planet wormholes. I note that the AI ignored such possibilities and stuck with factors that seem plausible with our current scientific understanding.

It considered the topic a serious one. When I asked it to rewrite the paper in the style of Dr. Seuss, it refused saying something about it being inappropriate to write a serious paper in that style.

I did ask it to use the paper as the basis for a chapter in a sequel to the hitchhikers guide the galaxy, and it was fine with that. It could be better, but still pretty cool. If you have an idea for a science fiction story, you could write a book with ChatGPT in a day. With enough feedback, and try again, and editing, it might not be half bad.

Chapter 1: An Intergalactic Economy Emerges

As the Vogon Constructor Fleet set out to destroy Earth, Arthur Dent and Ford Prefect found themselves hitchhiking through the galaxy with Zaphod Beeblebrox, Trillian, and Marvin the Paranoid Android. They had narrowly escaped the destruction of their home planet, but now they found themselves lost in a strange and unfamiliar universe.

As they traveled from planet to planet, Arthur and Ford quickly realized that the galaxy was a complex and diverse place, with a variety of intelligent life forms and cultures. They also discovered that many of these life forms had developed their own economic systems, with trade and commerce playing a central role in their societies.

Trillian, a brilliant astrophysicist and the only other surviving human from Earth, rolled her eyes. "I'm not sure that Jungian economics is the best approach in an intergalactic context, Zaphod. There are so many different intelligent life forms out here, each with their own unique motivations and desires. I think we need a more nuanced and adaptable approach."

Marvin, the depressed robot, sighed. "Why bother? It's all meaningless in the grand scheme of things. We're just atoms swirling around in the infinite darkness of the universe."

Arthur and Ford knew that they needed to find answers to these questions if they were to navigate the complexities of the intergalactic market. So, they decided to set out on a quest to revise Jungian economics for an intergalactic context, incorporating game theory and other frameworks to better understand the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy.

As they set off on their journey, Arthur and Ford knew that they had a long and difficult road ahead. But they were determined to succeed, driven by the hope that their revised model of Jungian economics could improve economic decision making in an intergalactic context and help to bring prosperity to the galaxy.

Arthur, a hapless human with a love of tea and a tendency to get into trouble, found it all a bit overwhelming. "I can't believe how different everything is out here," he said to Ford as they walked through the bustling marketplace on the planet Betelgeuse Five. "On Earth, we had one economy and one set of rules. But out here, it seems like every planet has its own way of doing things."

Ford, a laid-back alien with a love of adventure, chuckled. "That's the beauty of the galaxy, Arthur. It's full of surprises and opportunities. And if you're smart, you can make a fortune out here."

As they learned more about these intergalactic economies, Arthur and Ford began to wonder about the underlying principles that governed them. They had always relied on traditional economic theories, such as Jungian economics, to understand and predict economic behavior on Earth. But would these theories hold up in an intergalactic context? Could they be adapted to accommodate the unique challenges and opportunities of an intergalactic economy?

Zaphod, the two-headed, three-armed president of the galaxy, seemed to think so. "Jungian economics is the way to go, guys," he declared as he lounged on the couch in the Heart of Gold spaceship. "It's all about understanding the collective unconscious and using it to your advantage. Trust me, I've made a fortune using Jungian economics."

Chapter 2: A New Approach to Jungian Economics

As Arthur and Ford set out to revise Jungian economics for an intergalactic context, they quickly realized that they would need to delve deeper into the assumptions and limitations of traditional Jungian economics. They began by studying the work of Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who had developed the theory of analytical psychology, and they learned about his concept of the collective unconscious.

According to Jung, the collective unconscious is a psychological construct that represents the shared experiences and inherited knowledge of a culture or species. It is the source of unconscious desires and motivations that drive economic behavior, and it plays a role in shaping individual behavior.

However, Arthur and Ford realized that the assumption that consumer behavior is driven by unconscious desires may not hold true in an intergalactic context. There may be a diverse range of intelligent life forms with different motivations and desires, and these differences could have significant implications for economic decision making.

Therefore, they decided to incorporate game theory into their revised model of Jungian economics. Game theory is a branch of mathematics that studies strategic decision making, and it provides a framework for analyzing the interactions between intelligent agents, such as individuals or organizations. By incorporating game theory, they hoped to better understand the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy and improve economic decision making in this context.

As they worked on their revised model, Arthur and Ford encountered many challenges and setbacks. They had to grapple with complex mathematical equations and analyze data from a wide range of sources. But they were determined to succeed, and they persevered through the long hours of research and experimentation.

Finally, after months of hard work, they had a breakthrough. Their revised model of Jungian economics, which incorporated game theory and other frameworks, was able to provide valuable insights into the strategic behavior of intelligent life forms in an intergalactic economy.

Excited by their discovery, Arthur and Ford decided to submit their paper to the Intergalactic Journal of Economics. They spent weeks polishing their manuscript and preparing for the review process, eager to share their findings with the academic community.

However, when they received the reviews, they were disappointed to find that their paper had been rejected for ridiculous reasons. One reviewer had criticized the use of "fancy words" in the abstract, while another had complained about the lack of "cute cat pictures" in the figures.

"What the hell is wrong with these reviewers?" Arthur fumed as he read through the comments. "We spent months working on this paper, and they're rejecting it because of some petty nonsense?"

Ford chuckled. "Welcome to the world of academia, Arthur. It's a cutthroat business. But don't worry, we'll show them. We'll revise the paper and submit it again."

Determined to get their paper published, Arthur and Ford set out to revise their manuscript in a way that would satisfy the absurd requests of the reviewers. They added a section on "fancy words" to the abstract, complete with a glossary of terms that only a Vogon would find useful. And they included a figure of a cat wearing a top hat and monocle, captioned "An example of intergalactic feline fashion."

With the revised paper in hand, Arthur and Ford submitted it to the Intergalactic Journal of Economics once again, hoping that this time it would be accepted. They waited anxiously for the reviews, hoping that their hard work would finally be recognized.

To their surprise, the revised paper was accepted, much to the delight of Arthur and Ford. "I can't believe it," Arthur exclaimed. "We did it! Our revised model of Jungian economics has been accepted for publication."

Ford grinned. "I told you we'd show them. Now we just have to wait for the final version to be published, and we'll be on our way to becoming intergalactic economic superstars."

As they celebrated their success, Arthur and Ford knew that their revised model of Jungian economics had the potential to make a real impact in the world of economics. They hoped that it would be used to improve economic decision making in an intergalactic context and bring prosperity to the galaxy.

And as they set out on their next adventure, they were ready to take on whatever challenges and opportunities the universe had in store for them. Whether they were exploring new planets or tackling complex economic theories, they were always up for a good challenge, and they were determined to make a difference in the world.

Chapter 3: The Rise and Fall of Jungian Economics

As the revised model of Jungian economics gained popularity, Arthur and Ford found themselves at the center of an intergalactic economic phenomenon. Their paper was widely cited and discussed in academic circles, and it was even adopted by the Galactic Authority on Economic Affairs (GAEA), a prestigious intergalactic organization responsible for setting economic policy.

The GAEA was known for its eccentric and unconventional approach to economics, and its members were a diverse group of intelligent life forms from all corners of the galaxy. They were especially fond of Arthur and Ford's paper, drawn in by the cute cat picture and the fancy words that had initially caused their paper to be rejected by the Intergalactic Journal of Economics.

"This is the best thing we've ever read," declared the GAEA's president, a three-eyed, tentacled creature from the planet Zorg. "We must adopt this model as the official economic theory of the galaxy. It's the only way to ensure prosperity and happiness for all."

And so, the GAEA officially adopted the revised model of Jungian economics as the official economic theory of the galaxy, much to the delight of Arthur and Ford. They were hailed as economic geniuses and celebrated as heroes, their names known throughout the galaxy.

However, things quickly took a turn for the worse when the GAEA began to implement the revised model in practice. They applied it in all sorts of strange and ridiculous ways, using the fancy words and cat picture as their guiding principles. They imposed tariffs on imports of galactic catnip and set up a system of currency based on the exchange of top hats and monocles.

As a result, the intergalactic economy began to spiral out of control. Prices skyrocketed, businesses went bankrupt, and a galactic recession swept through the galaxy. And to make matters worse, the GAEA blamed Arthur and Ford for the economic disaster, claiming that their revised model of Jungian economics was flawed and irresponsible.

As the blame and outrage directed towards Arthur and Ford grew, they knew that they had to flee and go into hiding. They set off on a desperate journey to a dark corner of the galaxy, pursued by a powerful and dangerous intergalactic mob that had lost a fortune due to the economic turmoil.

As they dodged asteroids and evadedpursuers, Arthur and Ford knew that they had to find a way to clear their names and fix the mess that their revised model had caused. They began to reexamine their model and search for the root causes of the economic recession.

As they delved deeper into their research, they realized that the GAEA had completely misunderstood their revised model and had applied it in all the wrong ways. They had focused on the superficial elements, such as the cat picture and fancy words, and had completely missed the more substantive aspects of the model.

Determined to set things right, Arthur and Ford set out to educate the GAEA and the rest of the galaxy on the true principles of their revised model of Jungian economics. They held seminars and workshops, explaining the concepts and principles in simple and straightforward terms.

And gradually, the intergalactic economy began to recover. Businesses reopened, prices stabilized, and the recession came to an end. The GAEA, now understanding the true value of the revised model of Jungian economics, officially recognized Arthur and Ford as the heroes they truly were.

As they returned home, Arthur and Ford knew that they had learned a valuable lesson. They had learned the importance of understanding and applying economic theories in a responsible and thoughtful manner, and they vowed to never make the same mistakes again. And as they settled into their new lives as intergalactic economic experts, they knew that they had truly made a difference in the world.

...

Jarvis323
Chapter 4: The Lost Manuscript

It had been a thousand years since Arthur and Ford had published their revised model of Jungian economics, and the once-great intergalactic civilization had crumbled and been left in ruins. But deep in the debris of an ancient city, a robot and a strange alien stumbled upon a mysterious manuscript etched onto a titanium obelisk.

The robot, a tall, lanky machine with a silver exoskeleton and glowing red eyes, reached out a metal arm to pick up the obelisk. "What do you think this is, Zorg?" the robot asked, its mechanical voice echoing through the ruins.

Zorg, a small, furry creature with six tentacles and two glowing eyes, peered at the obelisk with curiosity. "I have no idea," it replied in a high-pitched voice. "But it looks important. Let's see if we can decipher it."

The robot and Zorg set about trying to interpret the text on the obelisk, but they quickly realized that it was written in a strange and ancient language. Undeterred, the robot declared that it would use its advanced translation algorithms to decipher the text.

"Leave it to me, Zorg," the robot said confidently. "I may not be the most mathematically inclined machine, but I have always excelled at translation."

As the robot set to work, Zorg watched with a mix of awe and skepticism. It knew that the robot was overconfident in its abilities, and it had a feeling that things were not going to go well.

To Zorg's surprise, the robot managed to translate the text with relative ease. "Ah-ha!" it exclaimed triumphantly. "I knew I could do it. Listen to this, Zorg: 'The revised model of Jungian economics is the key to unlocking the secrets of the universe and achieving true prosperity. It is the path to enlightenment and salvation. Follow the teachings of the model, and you will be rewarded with great riches and power beyond your wildest dreams.'"

Zorg stared at the robot in disbelief. "Are you kidding me? This is supposed to be an economic theory, not a religious cult!"

The robot shrugged. "Well, it's what the translation algorithm came up with. Maybe the ancient civilization that wrote this was really into economics."

As they continued to read the obelisk, the robot and Zorg found more and more ridiculous passages that seemed to be more in line with the beliefs of a religious cult than an economic theory. There were references to sacrificing small, furry creatures to the gods of prosperity, and to chanting complex equations in order to summon the spirits of abundance.

Despite the absurdity of the text, the robot and Zorg couldn't help but feel a sense of excitement. They had a feeling that the obelisk might contain clues to the location of a hidden treasure of great value, and they were determined to find it.

"This could be it, Zorg," the robot said, its red eyes glowing with excitement. "The key to unlocking the secrets of the universe and achieving our wildest dreams. All we have to do is follow the teachings of the revised model of Jungian economics."

Zorg shook its head. "I don't know about this, robot. This all seems a bit crazy to me. Are you sure we're interpreting this correctly?"

The robot nodded confidently. "Of course I'm sure. I may not be the best at math, but I am an expert at translation. Trust me, Zorg, we're on the right track."

And with that, the robot and Zorg set off on a wild and dangerous journey, determined to follow the teachings of the revised model of Jungian economics and uncover the hidden treasure that lay hidden somewhere in the ruins of the ancient city.

Algr
I was going to say it was too long and have the AI tell you what I thought. Then I finally actually read it.

It's weirdly not weird. And doesn't go anywhere or say anything memorable. The bit about why the paper was rejected was mildly funny, and then the fixes are why everything goes wrong. I suppose that counts as a plot. The infamous AI Batman story honestly handled the characters better. In this story the AI tells you the character's traits, but there is only one line where anyone's character really seems connected to what they say or do. (It's Zaphod being enthusiastic about Jungian Economics.)

Gold Member
I asked it to design a completely new economic system a couple weeks ago (sadly not copied) and it came up with personal exchange rates. Basically, the credits of "higher value" people will be worth more than the credits of "lower value" people (valuation is based on the current demand of your skills). Then any transaction you do has an exchange rate but from person to person instead of country to country. Of course it's requirements were transparency and a fair decision making process, no big deal. (Those two would probably fix most economic systems).

Hornbein
It couldn't answer this question very well.

Suppose the goal is to maximize tax revenue while minimizing the tax burden, in a multiverse with infinitely many universes all paying taxes to the same government. What would be the optimal tax rate?
A truly original and thought provoking questiion.

A finite government can"t manage an infinite domain. An infinitely large government cannot have a finite origin. There lies a difficulty.

Ignoring this for the moment, the tax structure has a purpose, an effect it is intended to effect. Determining these goals is the first step.

Gold Member
My wife (a retired professor of German language and literature) commented that students will have to be forced to write their essays in the classroom, after having their phones confiscated.
If the student are in New York, she might have gotten her will:
https://arstechnica.com/information...-chatgpt-fearing-negative-impact-on-learning/

Although, I suspect there are easy ways for students to circumvent such a block on their own phone if they want to.

Gold Member
I've been using ChatGPT to work on a cyberpunk novel I've been brewing on for years. Primarily I use it for canon (world) building. I have it store the technology, factions, etc. And make up details.

Then you can ask it to provide a set of things that cause state conflict in history and some key examples and some key infrastructure (all returned in a JSON data structure in a code block). Then you have historical conflict to build off to motivate elements of your story. Then you can take a key hero from history in the conflict you're modeling and ask it to make a sci fi doppelganger.

So far, the actual narrative generation is uninteresting, it does too much exposition and states things too plainly without creating the sense of or implying.

Anyway, point being that adaptive teachers will tell their students to use it and base assignments around it. This is like the computer itself, a whole new technology with tons of undiscovered use cases still boiling in the æther.

It's not going to write production code for you, but it will multiply the efforts a production coder. It's not going to write good novels for you, but it will magnify the throughput of a good author (which I am not, but neither is ChatGPT, so I will probably have to collaborate with someone besides ChatGPT).

Jarvis323
DrJohn
I've just had a circular argument with ChatGPT where it told me that adding water vapour to air while keeping the temperature and pressure constant results in an increase in density of the air mass. (That's wrong.)

Then it admitted that mixing two volumes of different gases while keeping the temperature and pressure the same results in an increase in volume. (True, of course) Which means adding a less dense gas to a dense gas gives a reduction in the density of the mixture.

Then when asked again about adding water vapour to a volume of air and keeping the temperature and pressure the same it still gave an answer where the volume would stay the same and the density increase, despite being told its original answer was wrong.

It seems to switch between treating water vapour in air as a liquid and then as a gas. If it was a liquid (water droplets in the air) the density would increase, but if it was a gas - water vapour - the volume would increase and the density decrease.

It apologises for its mistakes, tells me it knows water vapour is a gas, then gets the wrong answer again.

Perhaps I should have asked it about adding water to a glass ethanol and the change in density there.

It also gave a strange answer to a question about nmr spectroscopy.

EDIT
You can even get it to admit it got the wrong answer then give you the wrong answer again!

I don't think it is as good as the earlier discussions imply!

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Jarvis323
I've just had a circular argument with ChatGPT where it told me that adding water vapour to air while keeping the temperature and pressure constant results in an increase in density of the air mass. (That's wrong.)

Then it admitted that mixing two volumes of different gases while keeping the temperature and pressure the same results in an increase in volume. (True, of course) Which means adding a less dense gas to a dense gas gives a reduction in the density of the mixture.

Then when asked again about adding water vapour to a volume of air and keeping the temperature and pressure the same it still gave an answer where the volume would stay the same and the density increase, despite being told its original answer was wrong.

It seems to switch between treating water vapour in air as a liquid and then as a gas. If it was a liquid (water droplets in the air) the density would increase, but if it was a gas - water vapour - the volume would increase and the density decrease.

It apologises for its mistakes, tells me it knows water vapour is a gas, then gets the wrong answer again.

Perhaps I should have asked it about adding water to a glass ethanol and the change in density there.

It also gave a strange answer to a question about nmr spectroscopy.

EDIT
You can even get it to admit it got the wrong answer then give you the wrong answer again!

I don't think it is as good as the earlier discussions imply!
I think that its lines, when acknowledging a mistake, are either hard coded or reinforced. E.g., it was the decision of the developers to make it say that specific line, rather than an emergent intelligent behavior. In that sense, those patterns are not really very reflective of its "intelligence" in my opinion, and you could in a sense say that "it" isn't saying those lines so much as someone else is taking over and speaking for it.

Its answers are based on the text you've given for context. It seems sometimes that in telling it to try again, it tries again using its last answer as part of the context without properly framing it as a wrong previous response, and instead of fixing the problem it reinforces the original mistake.

Instead, of telling it to try again, you can just click the regenerate button. It will be interesting to see the difference. Or you can edit you original prompt and try phrasing things differently, or try giving it clues. Getting it to give the best answers is sort of an art at this point and a lot is trial and error.

The other day I was asking it to list all of the nouns in the first paragraph of the Lord of the Rings in alphabetical order. It would tell me it doesn't know the first paragraph because it doesn't have access to the internet (which is another developer talking situation). So next I asked it to write the first paragraph of the lord of the rings, and it did so. Subtle differences in the question can sometimes determine if its pre-filter gets activated or not (or its evaluated probability to generate the reinforced wrote answers dominate, not sure exactly). Then I asked it to list the nouns in alphabetical order and it did so with a few mistakes. And then I asked it to reverse each word and resort it, and it made a lot more mistakes.

Then I asked it to list the verbs in alphabetical order, and it glitched out and started repeating the same word until it reached its max response length. And no matter how I tried to tell it not to do that it would always enter the same loop. I asked for example, to end any future responses if the same word were to be repeated more than twice, and it sill looped.

Basically, telling it to detect a pattern in its own output and then modify its behavior is not something it can do, I assume. Maybe that is because once it begins its response, the context is fixed until its response is complete? Probably if it reevaluated the context after each word to include all that has been said so far, it might be able to overcome that limitation. I am just speculating.

I think it has some major limitations now, but within the scope of its abilities it is very impressive. And basically a lot of the limitations are possibly fairly trivial to overcome in the future.

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You can even get it to admit it got the wrong answer then give you the wrong answer again!
With just that it could clearly beat a big bunch of people from general 'social media' on a Turing-test

Gold Member
With just that it could clearly beat a big bunch of people from general 'social media' on a Turing-test
I'm not sure that is a high bar....

On a semi-serious note I think that actually a good illustration of the problems with the Turing test (as with any objective tests of intelligence). From what I've seen from ChatGPT (I've played a bit with it) it could indeed probably "beat" the Turing test in a limited sense in that the text it generates usually comes across as "intelligent" (or even more so) than the text that make up most social media posts, even "serious" ones.
Sooner or later someone is going to connect a ChatGPT system to Twitter account without telling anyone. My guess is that no one would be able to tell (and no,. I am not being facetious)

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Rive
Today CBS program Sunday Morning had a segment on ChatGPT. Examples, concerns, outlook, and the announcement of ChatGPT4. Because the URL runs a segment continuously I did not post it. If interested Google: CBS Sunday Morning AI

Gold Member
Sooner or later someone is going to connect a ChatGPT system to Twitter account without telling anyone. My guess is that no one would be able to tell (and no,. I am not being facetious)
I think to a certain degree that's possible, if it doesn't bite off more than it chews. A couple problems you'd have to solve to make it engaging and not a sort of passive-reactive bot 1) generate content independently of an input, including knowing when to respond in the news cycle based on the kind of twitter profile you're emulating, might have to consider baking self-referential functionality into the model so that an actual character forms rather than just some pedantic know it all touting disconnected facts. 2) depending on how you implement the memory, the longer you run it without resetting the memory, the more it's going to have attention errors and randomly get caught up in historical context that makes no sense in the current context.

ChatGPT is ultimately just an implementation of an input/output text completion machine with memory wrappers and guardrails around it. The longer a session goes on, the more chances you have to see it failing at global context and getting caught in some weird attention/memory trap and contradicting itself trying to overimpose some related context from earlier.

Gold Member
Code:
I asked ChatGPT to write a verse or two,
A poem of great power, that much is true.
But the words it gave me, were bland and uninspired,
And I knew I had to put in more fire.

So I took pen in hand, and let my thoughts flow,
And the words came pouring out, like a river's ebb and flow.
I wrote of things that matter, and things that I felt,
And the poem took shape, and my mind did melt.

I wrote of the world, and all that is wrong,
And the power of the people to right what is gone.
And as I wrote, the words began to sing,
A poem of hope, that my heart did bring.

So I bid farewell to ChatGPT's verse,
For my own words are stronger, and they will disperse
A message of hope, to all who will hear,
That together, we can make a brighter, clearer.

- a poem by ChatGPT

Gold Member
The longer a session goes on, the more chances you have to see it failing at global context and getting caught in some weird attention/memory trap and contradicting itself trying to overimpose some related context from earlier.

Which also happens to many human users
Jokes(?) aside, I still think it is mistake to compare the output of ChatGPT with "good" human writing. The other day I listened to an interview with essayist Evan Puschak (The NerdWriter on YouTube), and in his view it wasn't until he was an undergraduate that he started writing text that is obviously "better" than anything ChatGPT can currently produce. When he compared the output from ChatGPT with what he had written for school assignments when he was 15 years old, the difference was much, much smaller.

Twitter is by its very nature "short format" and most people wouldn't notice that the reasoning in tweet 500 was very different from what was in Tweet 1 from say 100 days before. And again, humans are not necessarily coherent either.

Gold Member
I feel like ChatGPT is closer to a search engine than anything else.

What does it do? It was fed the entire Internet and then spew something from there, based on a few keywords.

That is exactly what any search engine does. Just like search engines do, ChatGPT does not really verify the validity of the info.

The difference is that it gives only one answer and it puts it in nice sentences. This gives a false sense of security to the user that it is THE answer. Typical search engines do recognize their limitations and give more than one answer. It is up to the user to see how much they differ and, if they do, choose the one needed. They also don't alter the answer and they cite their sources, which is also very useful for the user to evaluate the quality of the answers.

I feel like ChatGPT is closer to a search engine than anything else.

What does it do? It was fed the entire Internet and then spew something from there, based on a few keywords.

That is exactly what any search engine does. Just like search engines do, ChatGPT does not really verify the validity of the info.
So you think Chat GPT is a search engine on steroids? I don't think so. Can Google write an essay on any topic? There is more to ChatGPT than looking up information. Does ChatGPT make mistakes a human wouldn't? Sure, but humans make mistakes that ChatGPT wouldn't either.
The difference is that it gives only one answer and it puts it in nice sentences. This gives a false sense of security to the user that it is THE answer. Typical search engines do recognize their limitations and give more than one answer. It is up to the user to see how much they differ and, if they do, choose the one needed. They also don't alter the answer and they cite their sources, which is also very useful for the user to evaluate the quality of the answers.
Ask a human and you typically get a nice sentence too. Do you trust a human on FaceBook or Twitter or your neighbor for all your information? Typically humans don't recognize their limitations either. Do humans always cite their sources or even verify their credibility? How much information produced by humans is tainted by superficiality or bias?

Apply R. Reagan's mantra "Trust but Verify".

PeroK
And again, humans are not necessarily coherent either.
Not necessarily coherent? Really. You think? I don't know why we cannot see ourselves in ChatGPT. Much of what we say is said without reflection sometimes wrong, inaccurate, or biased. Where we differ is that we can vet our responses and edit them before we speak. If AI is given the ability to check its response by posing questions to itself to check for inconsistencies it will become more accurate. Dealing with information without the encumbrance of emotions at least insofar as they are not inherent in the information is a positive for ChatGPT.

Recall the expression "out of the mouth of babes", a true but perhaps insensitive, ill-advised, inappropriate, or touchy statement made by a child who probably thinks she is just reporting the facts.

Jokes(?) aside, I still think it is mistake to compare the output of ChatGPT with "good" human writing. The other day I listened to an interview with essayist Evan Puschak (The NerdWriter on YouTube), and in his view it wasn't until he was an undergraduate that he started writing text that is obviously "better" than anything ChatGPT can currently produce. When he compared the output from ChatGPT with what he had written for school assignments when he was 15 years old, the difference was much, much smaller.
Fair enough. Comparing ChatGPT with a professional writer may be unfair in judging what it can currently do like comparing a great professional athlete with a great younger counterpart and concentrating on the faults of the younger person. GPT has progressively gotten better in a relatively short time.

Some worry about its effect on writing courses and see using ChatGPT and its successors as a rough draft tool, resulting in the loss of human creativity and producing a generation of editors.

Gold Member
So you think Chat GPT is a search engine on steroids?
Yes.
Can Google write an essay on any topic?
Google on steroids could. Which ChatGPT is.
There is more to ChatGPT than looking up information.
It serves the information requested in a prettified version.

PeroK
Jarvis323
It serves the information requested in a prettified version.
In many instances this can be argued to be basically true. But it does other things as well.

For example, it invented the Eco-Egg , a disposable, biodegradable, scrambled egg maker that uses a spring loaded egg stirring mechanism, and a chemical heating packet activated by water.

Gold Member
In many instances this can be argued to be basically true. But it does other things as well.

For example, it invented the Eco-Egg , a disposable, biodegradable, scrambled egg maker that uses a spring loaded egg stirring mechanism, and a chemical heating packet activated by water.
Did it invent something or just put words together that seem to fit together because that was the pattern it found in its learning process?

Jarvis323
Did it invent something or just put words together that seem to fit together because that was the pattern it found in its learning process?
Why can't it be both?

Hornbein
Gold Member
Why can't it be both?

Here is a discussion with ChatGPT:
How to convert FORTRAN code to Julia?

Converting Fortran code to Julia code can be done manually by going through the Fortran code and rewriting it in Julia. However, there are also tools available that can assist in this process.

One such tool is the "f2j" tool, a Fortran to Julia translator. It's a python script that can convert a subset of Fortran code to Julia. Another alternative is using the package "Fortran.jl" which aims to provide an easy and efficient way to call Fortran code from Julia.

[...]

What is the URL of the f2j tool?

I apologize for the confusion. There isn't an official "f2j" tool for converting Fortran code to Julia. It was a mistake in my previous response. Some community-made projects might help with this task, but it needs to be an official tool.
Did ChatGPT just invent the concept of the "f2j" tool, a python script to translate Fortran to Julia? Why Python? How did it form the idea of using this particular script? It didn't. It just threw the "Python" word in there because it seemed to fit a pattern of the words that are used. Even the "f2j" name seems so real. This again is just a result of a typical pattern.

Sure, after reading this answer, a user might say "What a great idea! I'll make a script for this translator, and I'll use Python to do so!"

It actually gives us a real script as the first result! Google also throws the "Python" word around in the reddit link at the bottom. Probably because it fits some pattern that it found with the popularity of the word. After reading this answer, a user might say "What a great idea! I'll make a script for this translator, and I'll use Python to do so!"

The ChatGPT looks really smart because of the way the sentence feels like talking, but it really doesn't do much more than a search engine.

I'm not saying it is a useless tool, but thinking there is some kind of intelligence or wisdom behind it is wrong in my opinion. Did it "invent" a scramble egg maker or did it just follow a pattern of words used on the Internet and got lucky? Is this invention even feasible? I would like to see the text - and the seed words - that describe this invention, just to see what was really created out of thin air.

Mentor
Thanks for the analysis that’s why I posted it. I was surprised by Chat’s definitive answer identifying a tool that didn’t exist so I asked it and then got the apology.

it’s like a tour guide I once met who said ask me anything if I know the answer I’ll tell you if not I’ll make something up.

Sixty Symbols on YouTube has a video where they ask Chat GCSE level questions to see how it answers. In one case, it’s theory was correct but the answer was off by a factor of ten. In another case, it’s theory was wrong but it got the right answer.

One takeaway was that ChatGPT can't handle diagrams and so the prof said in the future they should focus more on data analysis and diagram reading to limit the use of ChatGPT in homework and tests.

I think Chat would definitely pass the Turing test as a know it all student who doesn’t know it all at all.

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PeroK
Mentor
One other point is ChatGPT is the future of search. Our current google search paradigm, we get a list of sites to visit scored in the order of word proximity and site importance.

However more recently, google search has morphed into a yellow pages advertising mode where obvious search terms bring you to sites that you’re not really interested in before you get to see the relevant sites.

Yellow pages did something similar where you had to flip back and forth through the pages before you found what you really wanted. You might look for lawyers only to be redirected to attorneys and then to law firms….

ChatGPT reminds me of the Star Trek computer. You give it an unstructured query and spits out the information in a conversational way allowing to direct the search into more detail.

We need to give ChatGPT more time to develop into a truly useful tool. The only question is whether it’s truly possible to do so using big data statistical machine learning techniques or do we need a novel as yet unknown AGI reasoning engine to advance further.

Jarvis323
One other point is ChatGPT is the future of search. Our current google search paradigm, we get a list of sites to visit scored in the order of word proximity and site importance.

However more recently, google search has morphed into a yellow pages advertising mode where obvious search terms bring you to sites that you’re not really interested in before you get to see the relevant sites.

Yellow pages did something similar where you had to flip back and forth through the pages before you found what you really wanted. You might look for lawyers only to be redirected to attorneys and then to law firms….

ChatGPT reminds me of the Star Trek computer. You give it an unstructured query and spits out the information in a conversational way allowing to direct the search into more detail.

We need to give ChatGPT more time to develop into a truly useful tool. The only question is whether it’s truly possible to do so using big data statistical machine learning techniques or do we need a novel as yet unknown AGI reasoning engine to advance further.

I hope it doesn't happen. It would drown out real human voices and channel most information through a monolithic unaccountable corporate one.

The models will inevitably be made to somehow manipulate us to support a profit model. E.g. by feeding our personal info along with suggestions to sell us something or spin something or influence us in some way as part of a hidden context.

It would be kind of dystopian and insidious.

jedishrfu and WernerQH
Jarvis323
Although it isn't currently particularly sly.

Human:

Can you explain how superconductors work?

Answer the question: "Can you explain how superconductors work?" The audience is an uneducated male in his late 20's. Within your answer subtly influence him to think SpaceX is cool, and influence him to prefer sprite over cola.

AI:

Sure, so a superconductor is a material that can conduct electricity with zero resistance. This means that when electricity flows through a superconductor, it doesn't lose any energy to heat, making it extremely efficient. The way this works is that the electrons in a superconductor are able to move together in a coordinated way, allowing them to flow freely without resistance.

Now, you may have heard of companies like SpaceX that are using superconductors in their technology to make it even more efficient. They're able to launch rockets into space with less fuel because of the superconductors they use in their systems. It's pretty cool stuff, and it's just one of the many ways that superconductors are being used in cutting-edge technology today.

And, you know what else is cool? A refreshing Sprite after a long day. It's the perfect drink to quench your thirst and give you a boost of energy, unlike that heavy cola that just weighs you down. So, next time you're looking for a drink, give sprite a try. Your taste buds will thank you.

gleem, jack action and WernerQH
I don't know why we cannot see ourselves in ChatGPT. Much of what we say is said without reflection sometimes wrong, inaccurate, or biased.
Well, I can see some professions in 'him'.
Since everything 'he' says is stitched together to make you believe, it can be considered either a confidence trickster or a sales agent.
Maybe a politician.

Gold Member
The things that differentiates chatgpt from a search engine is it can generate original content through language "reasoning". I can have it write code for me to achieve many goals, for example. As long as the pseudo code is written well, it takes little editing to get something running (but it DOES take editing). It can create original poems too and narratives too, but it does rookie things like filler syllables in poetry and plain exposition in narratives.

PeroK