What causes color change in powders during XRD testing?

In summary, during an XRD experiment, the crystalline powder being tested turned yellowish in color after exposure to ionizing radiation, but returned to its original white color when disturbed. This change in color is known as "color core displacement" and is caused by the generation of defects, specifically color centers, due to radiation damage. This typically affects the surface layer of the powder batch.
  • #1
Secpia
I was performing XRD earlier, and I came across this odd occurrence in the powders that were being inspected - After it was performed, the crystalline powder I had been testing had gone off color into this yellowish appearance (Originally was white). Upon disturbance, the powder become white again.

I asked around, but the only answer my associates could tell me is it was "color core displacement", but I haven't been able to find anything on this. Does anyone happen to know the term, or what it is? Very curious.

Admittedly XRD is not my specialisation, so apologies if it's something incredibly obvious.
 
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  • #2
Generally, ionizing radiation like X-rays can induce changes in the physical properties of materials owing to the generation of defects, for example, color centers which are point defects/point defect clusters associated with trapped electrons/holes. Such "radiation damages" extend from the material’s surface roughly to an depth of the order of the penetration depth of the respective ionizing radiation (in case of X-rays this is the µm-range). In case of XRD measurements on powder batches, thus the uppermost layer of the powder batch is mainly affected.
 

1. What is XRD and how does it work?

XRD, or X-Ray Diffraction, is a technique used to analyze the structure of materials. It works by directing a beam of x-rays at a sample and measuring how the x-rays are scattered or diffracted by the atoms in the sample. This information can then be used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of the material.

2. What causes a color change after an XRD test?

A color change after an XRD test can be caused by a few different factors. One possible reason is that the sample has undergone a chemical reaction, resulting in a change in its composition. Another possibility is that the sample has been physically altered, such as through grinding or crushing, which can change the way light is reflected off of its surface and therefore change its color.

3. Can XRD be used to identify the presence of specific elements or compounds?

Yes, XRD can be used to identify the presence of specific elements or compounds in a sample. This is because each element or compound has a unique atomic and molecular structure, which will produce a distinct diffraction pattern when exposed to x-rays. By comparing the diffraction pattern of a sample to known patterns of different elements and compounds, researchers can determine what substances are present in the sample.

4. Does the intensity of the color change after an XRD test indicate the strength of the diffraction signal?

Yes, the intensity of the color change after an XRD test can be an indicator of the strength of the diffraction signal. In general, a stronger diffraction signal will result in a more intense color change, since a larger number of x-rays will be reflected off of the sample and detected by the instrument. However, there are other factors that can affect the intensity of the color change, such as the type of sample and the instrument settings.

5. Are there any limitations to using XRD to study color changes in materials?

Yes, there are some limitations to using XRD to study color changes in materials. One limitation is that XRD can only provide information about the atomic and molecular structure of a material, not its actual color. Additionally, XRD is not sensitive to changes in color that occur on a very small scale, such as at the nanometer level. Therefore, while XRD can be a useful tool in studying color changes in materials, it should be used in conjunction with other techniques to get a complete understanding of the color change phenomenon.

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