Recently I've came to some references on mathematical aspects on string theory that deal with the Polyakov euclidean path integral. An example is the book "Quantum Fields and Strings: A Course for Mathematicians. Volume 2", where it is stated roughly that the path integral is
$$A =...
I think the "coordinate speed of Light" refers to the perspective of only one observer (i.e
coordinate system), when the Carrols formula, as you said, involve measurements at different locations(i.e from perspective of the two observers). I'm not sure if I get it, but I think that is a...
Before I read this, I was reading Carrol's GR book, section 2.1. when he talks about this redshift stuff. In equation (2.7) he writes
$$ \frac{\lambda - \lambda_0}{\lambda_0} = \frac{\Delta \lambda}{\lambda_0} = \Delta \phi, \ c=1$$
where his ##\Delta \phi## is my ##\phi##. The above formula...
I was reading Einstein's 1911 paper named "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light" when stated the formula for frequencies measured by observers at different fixed positions (heights) on Earth surface. One observer is at the origin of some coordinate system and measures a...
I'm currently studying Method of Images in Griffiths book and in section 3.2 he introduces the method of images for a point charge at a distance ##d## from a grounded conducting plane at potential ##V = 0##.
In subsection 3.2.3, Griffiths compute the energy of the real system and the image...