Homework Statement
Hello, I'm a bit confused about the calculation of the expectation values. Normally, when I have a wave function of sort and I want to calculate the expectation value of some operator, I just insert it into the braket <ψ|A|ψ>, where ψ for example is a wave function composed...
Hello i wasn't sure if to ask this in here or in homework! I stumbled upon an assignment to build the model of photon gas in 2D space. in the answer it was stated that the light have 2 polarization states in 2D model, how come? the field have only one way to propagate regarding the wave...