Recent content by Sam Anderson

This is example 27.2 in my textbook. I have the answer, but it doesn't make sense to me. I understand that if electric field is tangent to the surface at all points than flux is zero. Why, though, does my textbook assume that the ends of the cylinder don't have field lines extending upwards and...

Carmichael's function λ(n) gives smallest number "m" such that if x≡y mod m ⇒ ax ≡ ay mod n, but WHY? How did Carmichael figure this out?

Thanks for the quick reply, but I wasn't finished typing. I accidentally hit enter. Sorry.

Could somebody at least tell me about mods in exponents?