1.
$$\int_V \rho \, dV = \int_{0}^{2 \pi} \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{0}^r \frac k r r^2 \sin \theta \, dr \, d \theta \, d \phi = 2 k \pi r^2 = q\,\,\,\,\,\, (16) $$
$$ q=2 k \pi r^2 \,\,\,\,\,\, (17) $$
solving for ##k## from ##(17)##
##k=\frac {q} {2 \pi r^2} \,\,\,\,(18)##
Plugin in ##(18)##...