Recent content by ytha

Thanks again. I think I'm beginning to understand :) Now this might be a dumb question... If I look at a citric acid/H3PO4 mixture, the pKas are 3, 5, and 6.5 (for citric acid) and 2, 7, and 12 (phosphate). Maybe I am missing something, but it seems this mixture is missing a buffer in the 8-12...

Thanks for the quick reply! Your response helped a lot. Do you know if a program like Buffer Maker is available for Mac or GNU/Linux? I have read a little about "universal buffers" which can give large pH ranges. The example in Wikipedia is McIlvaine's buffer solutions (Na2HPO4 and Citric...

Hey! I've been working on this problem - I think it would be easy for a chemist to answer. If anyone can help me out, I'd appreciate it! Suppose I want to create a pH gradient from 3 to 9, in increments of 0.5: pH = (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9) Each pH is in a different...