Solving the Motion of an Electron in a Magnetic/Electrical Field

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the motion of an electron in a constant magnetic field oriented along the z-axis, using the Lorentz force equation F(x, x', t) = q(v × B(x, t)). The user seeks clarification on how to decompose this vector equation into three scalar equations for motion. The correct approach involves expressing the force in terms of its components, leading to the scalar equation F_x = -qBv_y, which can be further transformed using Newton's second law into the second-order differential equation d²x/dt² = -(qB/m)(dy/dt).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the Lorentz force law
  • Familiarity with vector calculus
  • Knowledge of Newton's laws of motion
  • Basic concepts of electromagnetism
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Lorentz force equation in detail
  • Learn how to solve second-order differential equations in physics
  • Explore the effects of electric fields on charged particles using F = qE
  • Investigate the motion of charged particles in combined electric and magnetic fields
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This discussion is beneficial for physics students, researchers in electromagnetism, and anyone interested in the dynamics of charged particles in magnetic and electric fields.

Icheb
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I have a constant magnetic field pointing in the direction of the z axis and I'm supposed to find a formula for the way an electron with arbitrary starting position and velocity would travel in this field.

The formula in this case would be

F(x, x', t) = q(v × B(x, t))

and I'm stuck at the point where I have to split this formula into the three equations for motion. Would I just use

F(x, x', t) = q(x' × B(x, t))

and so on or am I missing something? And how would I proceed afterwards?Then there's also a similar problem, but with an electrical field pointing in the direction of the y axis. Which formula would I use here? The only one I can think of is F = q*E, but don't I need a formula that contains information about the particle involved?
 
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First, there is no x and t dependence on B; the question says that it is constant in the z direction. Then you have to split that vector equation of yours into 3 scalar equations: one for each components. I'll do one for you since this seems to be confusing to you:

[tex]\vec{F}=q(\vec{v}\times B\hat{z})[/tex]

[tex]\Leftrightarrow F_x\hat{x}+F_y\hat{y}+F_z\hat{z}=qB(v_x\hat{z}-v_y\hat{x})[/tex]

Therefor, the scalar equation corresponding to the x-component is

[tex]F_x=-qBv_y[/tex]

But since v_y=dy/dt and by Newton's second law, F_x=md²x/dt², that equation is equivalent to

[tex]\frac{d^2x}{dt^2}=-\frac{qB}{m}\frac{dy}{dt}[/tex]
 

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