Electric Resistance: Causes & Theory

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the causes of electric resistance in materials at the molecular or atomic level, exploring theoretical derivations of resistance based on atomic properties without relying on voltage and current. It includes considerations of temperature effects and potential relationships between electrical and optical resistance.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that the strength of electron attachment to atoms and atomic bond strength at lower temperatures contribute to electric resistance.
  • It is proposed that resistance can be calculated for metals and semiconductors based on their atomic properties.
  • One participant explains that at ordinary temperatures, electric resistance is primarily due to electron-phonon scattering, where lattice vibrations collide with moving electrons or holes, leading to increased resistivity with rising temperature.
  • A question is raised about the relationship between electrical and optical resistance in materials and whether electric resistance changes under light exposure.
  • Another inquiry seeks to understand if lattice vibrations can be visually represented experimentally or if they are solely described by mathematical models.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the causes of electric resistance, with some agreement on the role of electron-phonon scattering, but no consensus on the relationship between electrical and optical resistance or the visualization of lattice vibrations.

Contextual Notes

Participants do not fully resolve the implications of temperature on resistance or the potential experimental methods for observing lattice vibrations, leaving these areas open for further exploration.

jobyts
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What causes electric resistance for a material (in terms of molecular or atomic level)?
Also, it should be possible to derive the resistance of a material by it's atomic/molecular properties theoretically, right? (without using voltage and current).
 
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The strength of the attachment of the electrons to the atoms and at lower temperatures the strength of the atomic bonds.
At least for metals and semiconductors you can calculate the resistance.
 
jobyts said:
What causes electric resistance for a material (in terms of molecular or atomic level)?
Also, it should be possible to derive the resistance of a material by it's atomic/molecular properties theoretically, right? (without using voltage and current).

In most material, at ordinary temperatures, it is due to the electron-phonon scattering. What this means is that the vibration of the lattice of the material collides with the movie electrons (or holes). This is why the resistivity increases as the temperature goes up. The higher the temperature, the more the lattice vibrates, the more frequent the electrons/charge carriers scatter.

Zz.
 
ZapperZ said:
In most material, at ordinary temperatures, it is due to the electron-phonon scattering. What this means is that the vibration of the lattice of the material collides with the movie electrons (or holes). This is why the resistivity increases as the temperature goes up. The higher the temperature, the more the lattice vibrates, the more frequent the electrons/charge carriers scatter.

Zz.

Assuming it's the same lattice vibration you are talking in the FAQ section:

Is there a relation between the electrical and optical resistance for a given material? Does the electric resistance change if the material is placed under light?

Is there a way to experimentally see the lattice vibration on a computer screen?, or it is a mathematical model that could explain every phenomena.
 

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