Cotangent function integration problem

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SUMMARY

The discussion revolves around the integration of the cotangent function, specifically evaluating the expression \(\left[ {\cot \left( \theta \right) + \theta } \right]_{\frac{\pi }{6}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}\). The user encounters discrepancies when substituting values into the antiderivative, particularly when rewriting the expression in terms of tangent, leading to undefined results at \(\frac{\pi}{2}\). The key takeaway is that while cotangent is defined at \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), tangent is not, necessitating careful consideration of function domains during evaluation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of trigonometric functions, particularly cotangent and tangent.
  • Knowledge of limits in calculus, especially regarding undefined points.
  • Familiarity with definite integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
  • Ability to manipulate and simplify trigonometric expressions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of the cotangent function and its domain.
  • Learn about limits and their application in calculus, particularly for undefined values.
  • Explore the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus in more depth.
  • Practice evaluating definite integrals involving trigonometric functions.
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in calculus, mathematicians focusing on trigonometric integration, and anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of function domains and limits in calculus.

Benny
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I was doing an integration question earlier on and I came across something that I would like to be cleared up. The question basically boiled down to:

[tex] - \left[ {\cot \left( \theta \right) + \theta } \right]_{\frac{\pi }{6}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}} = - \left[ {\frac{{\cos \left( \theta \right)}}{{\sin \left( \theta \right)}} + \theta } \right]_{\frac{\pi }{6}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}} [/tex]

Now if I just substitute the relevant values into the antiderivative it works out fine. However if I write the following I end up getting a 'weird' (I do not
know the right words to describe it :biggrin: ) answer(something involving 1/infinity).

[tex] - \left[ {\cot \left( \theta \right) + \theta } \right]_{\frac{\pi }{6}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}} = - \left[ {\frac{1}{{\tan \left( \theta \right)}} + \theta } \right]_{\frac{\pi }{6}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}} [/tex]

Can someone explain to me why this occurs? I can understand that when certain values are substituted in, 'weird' numbers appear but I cannot understand why the question works/does not work, depending on which way an expression is written(I am referring to the cotangent function), even though it is just the same thing. Any help would be good. I hope I was not unclear. :biggrin:
 
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That's because [itex]\frac{\pi}{2} [/tex] is the domain of cotangent (cot pi/2=0) and not in the domain of tangent (tan pi/2 does not exist).Taking this int consideration,at best u can do is set a limit for the 1/tangent.But again,why do that,when pi/2 is clearly in the domain on cotangent and the result works out fine?<br /> <br /> Daniel.[/itex]
 
Thanks for clearing that up for me.
 

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