How Does Heat Affect the Expansion of Monatomic Gas in an Insulated Cylinder?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the thermodynamic behavior of one mole of monatomic gas in a perfectly insulated cylinder, initially at 27 degrees Celsius (300K) and a volume of 0.025m³, which expands to 0.06m³ under constant pressure. The final temperature was calculated to be 720K using the formula pV/T. The average kinetic energy (KE) per molecule increased from 1.49 x 10^-20 J to 6.21 x 10^-21 J, resulting in a total change in KE of 8.69 x 10^-21 J. The work done (WD) by the gas during expansion was determined to be 3490.2 J, leading to two different calculations for heat supplied (Q), with the correct value being 10774.4 J after correcting a mistake in the KE calculation.

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one mole of monatomic gas (in a perfectly insulated cylinder)
has temp = 27 degees c = 300K
volume = 0.025m^3

(gas held in frictionless piston)
heat suppied causes gas to expand at constant pressure gas expands to volume = 0.06m^3

i) calc final temp..
i used pV/T =pV/T (p cancels because its constant) and i got a value for new tempreture as 720K

ii) increase in av. KE per molecule...
using KE= 3/2kT i found the original KE per molecule as 1.49*10^-20
and new KE per molecule as 6.21*10^-21
and the difference between them (increase in av. KE = 8.69*10^-21)

iii) WD by the gas expanding...
WD = p*(change in)V...i got the p value from P = nRT/V and i got that as 99720 Nm-^2 and then multuply by (0.06 -0.025) to get WD as 3490.2 J

iiii) the heat supplied...
i used Q = (change in)u + (change in)WD
change in internal energy (u) is the sum of the change in KE of the molecules right?
so i multiplied change in av. KE per molecule 8.69*10^-21 by avagadros constant to give me KE for one mole, i get a value of 7284.2J

but then i thought that should be the same as...
calculating the change in av. KE of one mole so i used the formula KE = 3/2RT
to find change in KE for a mole and i get a value of 8974.8 - 3739.5 = 5235.3J

shouldnt they be the same, i don't know which ones wrong

anyway i used U as 7284.2J added (WD) 3490.2 to give me Q = 10774.4J

the other one would be Q = 5235.3 + 3490.2 =8725.5J
which ones right?! did i make any mistakes in the other questions?
 
Last edited:
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don't worry i got it ...silly me 8.69*10^-21 multiplied by avagadros constant is not the value i got.
 

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