# Connection of the unit sphere

by ehrenfest
Tags: connection, sphere, unit
 P: 1,996 Plugging in 2 pi for theta gives v^phi (phi = 2pi) = 0, right? So, now I need to solve the DE for v^theta and hopefully get v^theta (phi = 2pi) = 1, right?
 Sci Advisor HW Helper Thanks P: 25,243 Nooo. I get v^phi=constant*sin(cos(theta)*phi). Putting in phi=2pi doesn't give you zero for a general value of theta. And you should expect this - the problem asks you to show that after transport the direction v is not generally the same, but the length is the same.
 Sci Advisor HW Helper Thanks P: 25,243 Sure, but it's e^(i*cos(theta)*2pi), not e^(i*2pi).
 P: 1,996 Sorry, I deleted a post in between there. Anyway, e^(i*cos theta 2pi) = (e^(i*2pi))^cos(theta) = 1^{cos theta} = 1, right?
 Sci Advisor HW Helper Thanks P: 25,243 Wrong. That rule only works for positive real numbers. i=exp(i*2pi*(1/4))=exp(i*2pi)^(1/4)=1^(1/4)=1. What went wrong there? It's true that i and 1 are both fourth roots of 1 but they aren't equal.
P: 1,996
 Quote by Dick Wrong. That rule only works for positive real numbers. i=exp(i*2pi*(1/4))=exp(i*2pi)^(1/4)=1^(1/4)=1. What went wrong there? It's true that i and 1 are both fourth roots of 1 but they aren't equal.
Interesting!

I would need to see a counterexample for negative real numbers, though.

Yes, so then I get:

$$v^{\phi}(\phi = 2 \pi) = \sin ( \cos (\theta) 2 \pi) \csc \theta$$ .

I am not really sure how to simplify that.

So, now I need to solve the DE for v^theta and hopefully get v^theta (phi = 2pi) = sqrt( 1- sin^2 ( cos (theta) 2 pi) csc^2 theta ), right?
 Sci Advisor HW Helper Thanks P: 25,243 Something like that. Just find v^phi and v^theta and put them into the metric. BTW ((-1)^2)^(1/2)=1 which is NOT EQUAL to (-1)^(2*(1/2))=(-1)^1=-1. In the real case you can allow the exponents to be negative, but not the base (or whatever you call the -1 part).
 P: 1,996 OK. I plugged the expression for v^phi into the DE for v^theta and integrated and plugged in 2 pi for the phi parameter and got: $$v^{\theta}( \phi = 2 \pi) = \cos^2 \theta \sin (\cos (\theta) 2 \pi)$$ When you say plug it into the metric, do you mean find g_ab v^a v_b?
 Sci Advisor HW Helper Thanks P: 25,243 I don't get the cos(theta)^2 and do I get that its a cos function of the argument. Check your derivation.
 P: 1,996 Do you get: $$v^{\theta}( \phi = 2 \pi) = -\cos (\cos (\theta) 2 \pi)$$ No way, that actually does give 1 when we plug into the metric. I think that completes the problem.
 Sci Advisor HW Helper Thanks P: 25,243 If you plug phi=0 in you get v^phi(0)=0, v^theta(0)=(-1) (we wanted +1). I think you have another sign error lurking around. But, yeah, that's basically it, once you correct your derivation of v^theta.

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