## how is 0^0 defined?

 Recognitions: Homework Help Science Advisor Please can we not start a very long thread on this one? If people want to see the debates on it then search the forums. Simply put the most logical definition of 0^0 is that it is equal to 1. This makes 'everything work' without having to make any 'except for 0 when it FOO is equal to 1' statements: partitions, functions, combinatorics, taylor series etc.
 It isn't. It's an undefined statement like 0/0. However, a lot of mathematicians like to set it equal to one, but it's really a matter of convenience. So be careful of this one.

## how is 0^0 defined?

I thought 0^0 was nullity?

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 I, and most people, define it to be $$0^0$$. Why? Because it is useful for dealing with infinite series. But some people do not define it. And what I hate is when a person tells me he does not define it but when he writes the power series he completely overlooks $$0^0$$ The same way we define $$0!=1$$ (but there is actually another reason there).
 We can also define in terms of the continuity of the function x^0 or x^x, or (x+x)^x or whatever you want.
 Recognitions: Homework Help The reason we define 0!=1 has very little relation to this..How many ways can we arrange nothing Kummer? Or if you want, you could take the recursive definition of the factorial function, $n!= n\cdot (n-1)!$ and substituting n=1 gives the desired result. The reason 0^0 remains undefined is because the limit that represents it does not actually converge. Of course we could somewhat cheat by making some assumptions, eg say that it is the limit: $$\lim_{x^{+}\to 0} x^x$$, and that is equal to 1, but we assume that the Base and the exponent approach zero at the same rate. The correct limit is actually: $$\lim_{x\to 0 , y\to 0} x^y$$, which is multi valued.

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 Quote by Kummer I, and most people, define it to be $$0^0$$. Why? Because it is useful for dealing with infinite series.
What do you mean "define it to be $$0^0$$"? Did you mean to say "define it to be 1"?
 now i am really confused. is $$0^0 = 1$$ or not?

 Quote by HallsofIvy What do you mean "define it to be $$0^0$$"? Did you mean to say "define it to be 1"?
Thank you.

 Quote by Gib Z The reason we define 0!=1 has very little relation to this..How many ways can we arrange nothing Kummer?
Yes, that is true. But that does not constitute a formal mathematical proof. The problem is that there is no proof and it is a matter of taste. My preference along with most people is to define it as 1 because it is useful in power series.

Another reason is that the Gamma function evaluated at 1 is equal to 1, and that is a generalization of a factorial. But that is another story.

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 Quote by murshid_islam now i am really confused. is $$0^0 = 1$$ or not?
No, it is an "indeterminate"- like 0/0, if you replace the "x" value in a limit by, say, 0 and get 0^0 the limit itself might have several different values.

To take two obvious examples, if f(x)= x0, then f(0)= 00. For any positive x, f(x)= x0= 1 so the limit as x goes to 0 is 1. If we want to make this a continuous function, we would have to "define" 00= 1.

However, if f(x)= 0x we again have f(0)= 00 but for any positive x, f(x)= 0x= 0 which has limit 0 as x goes to 0. If we want to make this a continuous function, we would have to "define" 00= 0.
 thanks a lot, HallsofIvy. that made it pretty clear to me.
 Recognitions: Gold Member Science Advisor Staff Emeritus It might be still clearer now that I have edited it to say what I meant!

 Quote by HallsofIvy It might be still clearer now that I have edited it to say what I meant!
yeah it's clear. 00 cannot be equal to both 0 and 1. so that's why it is indeterminate. am i right?

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