The discussion centers on proving that the water level remains unchanged when ice melts, referencing Archimedes's principle. It emphasizes that the volume of ice displaces an equal volume of water while floating, meaning the mass of the displaced water equals the mass of the ice. As the ice melts, the water produced from the melted ice occupies the same volume as the water previously displaced. The key takeaway is that the water level does not change because the volume of water from melted ice matches the volume of water displaced by the ice. This principle illustrates the relationship between buoyancy and water displacement.