Redundant cross product removed from Maxwell equation?

PhilDSP

I'm trying to track down the rationale for removing the cross product of velocity and magnetic field intensity from Maxwell's equation which specifies the value of the electric field intensity. In the third edition of "A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism" Maxwell specifies (in modern terminology) that E = cross product of velocity and B minus the derivative with respect to time of the vector potential minus the gradiant of the scalar potential.

Was the assumption that the potential already contains the changing value of the magnetic field so that the cross product is redundant? It seems that Maxwell was second-guessed when Gibbs and Heaviside developed the modern variant of the equations.

PhilDSP

The equation intended by Maxwell is: [itex] E= v [/itex] x [itex] B - dA/dt - \nabla \phi [/itex]

Defennder

I think you're referring to the Lorentz force equation, where q=1C:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force

If Wikipedia is to be believed, this paragraph addresses your concerns:

Quote by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force

Although this equation is obviously a direct precursor of the modern Lorentz force equation, it actually differs in two respects:

It does not contain a factor of q, the charge. Maxwell didn't use the concept of charge. The definition of E used here by Maxwell is unclear. He uses the term electromotive force. He operated from Faraday's electro-tonic state A,[6] which he considered to be a momentum in his vortex sea. The closest term that we can trace to electric charge in Maxwell's papers is the density of free electricity, which appears to refer to the density of the aethereal medium of his molecular vortices and that gives rise to the momentum A. Maxwell believed that A was a fundamental quantity from which electromotive force can be derived.[7]

PhilDSP

Yes, that's exactly what I was referring to. Thanks for the reference.

Maxwell says that the [itex] v [/itex] x [itex] B [/itex] term is only needed when the particle is moving in a magnetic field. Otherwise the equation is the same as the modern equation for the E field defined with respect to the potentials I believe. Seems to be a mystery how to interpret what Maxwell was thinking and further study seems warranted.

Defennder

This is a good reason why I don't bother reading original papers. Apart from the fact that their notation is outdated, the authors are often wedded to the the prevailing paradigms of their time, which may end up confusing the reader.

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PhilDSP	The equation intended by Maxwell is: [itex] E= v [/itex] x [itex] B - dA/dt - \nabla \phi [/itex]

Defennder Recognitions: Homework Help	This is a good reason why I don't bother reading original papers. Apart from the fact that their notation is outdated, the authors are often wedded to the the prevailing paradigms of their time, which may end up confusing the reader.