Normally, the Laplace tranform of a function of
x is written as a function of
s. You seem to be confusing the two. The Laplace transform of f(x)= x is
[tex]\int_0^\infty xe^{-sx}dx= \frac{1}{s^2}[/tex]
by integration by parts, not 1. And you certainly cannot just multiply a Laplace transform you already know by the variable to get another Laplace transform!
The inverse Laplace transform of the constant 1 is the Dirac delta function [itex]\delta(x)[/itex]:
[tex]\int_0^\infty e^{-sx}\delta(x)dx= e^{-s(0)}= 1[/tex]
since, by definition, [itex]\int_S f(x)\delta(x) dx= f(0)[/itex] as long as the region of integration, S, includes 0.
Here's a good table of Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms:
http://www.vibrationdata.com/Laplace.htm