## Relation between Polarization and electric field for instantaneous response

Dear all

In case of a material that instantaneous responds to an external applied field is

P(r,t)=χE(t)

Is the suseptibility then time independent? And if so, how it is possible to derive from the above equation an equation in the frequency domain?

Yours

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 Recognitions: Science Advisor The most simple relation (the Kramers-Kronig relation) is found by only demanding the susceptibility be causal- P(t) can only depend on E(t'), where t' < t (extend the results to a lightcone for spatially-varying E). The general restrictions on the susceptibility (or any constitutive relation) were laid down by Noll in the '60s, and are fairly general. AFAIK, there is no requirement that the susceptibility *may not* be time-dependent. This is covered in several books, including the Encyclopedia of Physics (Vol III, Non-linear field theories). For the frequency domain, the usual procedure is to Fourier transform (or Laplace transform) the equation.