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Ancient civilisations |
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| Jul10-05, 10:10 AM | #1 |
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Ancient civilisations
That's always a hot topic, sometimes leading to less scientific ideas and indeed it's hard to keep it on the straight and narrow path. If only we knew which path that was; hence heated debates. The aim of this thread is to find that path and stay on it, although I realise that this ambition is rather far fetched.
Anyway, the essential question here appears to be: Like: http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~yf5f-wtn...i/moai6_04.jpg http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egy...es/arch25b.jpg http://www.marsearthconnection.com/cuba.html, discussed here So, what else is there to say? Could there have been unknown civilisations like the Egyptian, Greek or the Roman empires but say anywhere around 150,000 years ago, give or take some 50,000 years?. |
| Jul10-05, 11:14 AM | #2 |
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I absolutely don't agree that our previous thread had anything to do with "lost civilizations". The modern human species spent a long time in the lower stone age, with a stone kit that didn't change at all for thousands of years. Then came the Cro-Magnon cultural explosion, which was way pre-agriculture and pre-domestication, except dogs. Like 25,000-35,000 years ago versus less than 10,000 years ago for neolithic with domestic animals and/or agriculture. After 10,000 years ago you have towns in the fertile crescent and its surrounding uplands, and also in Egypt and the Indus valley. Nothing unknown or lost about that.
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| Jul10-05, 11:37 AM | #3 |
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Are there indications of more permanent settlements pre-dating agriculture? Were there non-nomadic hunter-gatherers? If so, this would completely toss out my ideas about needing to stumble upon appropriate species for domestication (plant or animal) as critical for formation of civilizations. |
| Jul10-05, 11:48 AM | #4 |
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Ancient civilisations
Originally Posted by andre
If ancient H sapiens ~200 Kya, was anatomically similar to the modern version, how come that he apparently never seem to bother developing complicated civilisations, whilst the modern men needed only some 4-6 Kya to accomplish that. Could it that there simply was not enough of them, and those that did exist, "may be in small groups", defended there patch from intruders. What was the life span back then 30, 40 yrs ? An what about the gene pool ? |
| Jul10-05, 11:59 AM | #5 |
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Hold it, my question was
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| Jul10-05, 04:42 PM | #6 |
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Something happened to those people around 35,000 years ago that doesn't show up in their physical remains. |
| Jul10-05, 08:33 PM | #7 |
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How did permanent human settlements, of more than a dozen or so families, first form? When? Why?
As SA has already indirectly mentioned (and Moonbear directly), it seems to be related to domestication of plants and animals (hunter-gatherer social units needed - and still need - a fairly large territory to avoid starvation). That begs the question of what was domesticated (first), when, and how. One can also get a handle on this by looking at places where there never was (apparently) any domestication. IIRC, at least one popular book explores the factors that lead to large settlements once domestication of plants (especially cereals) got going - it was a sad day (apparently it lead to social stratification, much more work, lower life expectancy, and so on), but once on the treadmill, the only 'way back' was population collapse (a.k.a. mass starvation). So why did domestication take so long, even where all the conditions were favourable? [edit: added attribution to Moonbear's post] |
| Jul11-05, 03:16 AM | #8 |
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Domestication, how? The easiest way would probably be caring for orphans. No knowledge about this but on Animal Planet TV, I’ve seen a lioness taking care of a baby gazelle under natural conditions. So what chances are there that a primitive females, who maybe just lost a baby, cared for a young orphan animal after a successful hunt?
Have those statues or other features like that ever been dated? Now, this would seem to be useless in the past, since that would only reveal when the rock was formed. However, nowadays there are several dating methods that show exposure to light (opto-luminescence) or cosmogenic radio-activity, (10Be/26Al, 36Cl, etc). This could give an indication when the statues would have been sculpted. |
| Jul11-05, 04:51 AM | #9 |
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Developing a civilization has something to do with the ability of the society of sustain the progress. A lot of factors like war, natural disasters, beliefs of the society etc could destabilize a budding civilization in its infancy. But it was also possible that an advanced civilization faced a calamity of largescale, their place forsaken and buried deep in the sands of time until someone discovers it.
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| Jul11-05, 05:11 AM | #10 |
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| Jul11-05, 06:30 AM | #11 |
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If it is domestication of at least some plants and animals (i.e. just domesticating one species may not be enough) is the prerequisite for permanent settlements of any significant size, which itself is a prerequisite for developing agriculture, then we've morphed Andre's question to something like "why did Homo sap. take so long to get around to domesticating {insert list here}?" where 'so long' is at least 50 k years, and maybe as many as 150 k years.
Perhaps there were climate triggers for domestication? Or that domestication wasn't possible with the animals and plants in Homo sap.'s home, so had to wait until enough members of the species migrated to locales where there was a favourable combo? |
| Jul11-05, 06:53 AM | #12 |
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There are more variables though. How about fishing. Some river deltas could have yielded an abundance of fish around the year. The invention of the fishing net or another fishing device may have been the most important start of a more permanent settling.
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| Jul11-05, 09:52 AM | #13 |
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Long term fishing communities are easy to spot, by the mounds of fish bones they have discarded over time. Unlike hunting communities, they can't move around, but are stuck at the shoreline features where coastal fish are found.
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| Jul11-05, 10:34 AM | #14 |
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Sure, we have excellent and detailed examples here around the North Sea, especially Danmark, late Pleistocene. But it the problem is when paleo-sea levels appear to vary almost a kilometer (and not the nice 127 meters of the ice age), from ~700m down concerning the Cuban megalithic site, for what it is worth, to +150m for the South Chinese sea and Beijing <80 kya
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| Jul11-05, 12:22 PM | #15 |
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At Iceland (and probably the Norse settlement in Greenland), they prepared the bones into a mush and ate them as well. Thus, you find very few fish-bones there. This is how they did it: They made a large vat of milk in which fishbones were placed after they'd eaten the fish. After some time in the milk, the fishbones became soft and could be eaten. It is a meager diet, but in a culture bordering on starvation, everything that can be eaten is eaten. |
| Jul11-05, 03:31 PM | #16 |
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The first farming, appeared in [the Middle East ] the Fertile Crescent some 12,500 years ago, and shortly thereafter in China. These places had the greatest variety of wild plants and animals suitable for domestication. Only a tiny fraction of wild plants and animals were both useful and possible to domesticate.
Location may have something to do with it being possible to make a community, some areas of land simply did not have the types of grains and animals to experiment with. |
| Jul12-05, 02:37 AM | #17 |
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Assuming that "12,500 years ago" is carbon date then it would convert to ~14,200 calendar years, putting it into the "Bolling Allerod stadial" or regional the African Wet Period, when the Sahara and Middle East were forested. I yet have to see the first paper explaining why the Hadley cell mechanism, which causes the deserts around the solstices, was not working in that period.
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