Protons are made up of quarks, which transmit forces via photons (electromagnetism) and gluons (strong force) themselves.
Z bosons can't mediate the interaction between two electrons or protons due to their mass. That is, they have mass so they can't travel as far as photons or gluons (both...
How can one operate the deltas of the uncertainty relation? I know they're supposed to be the standard dev, but how are they operated in physical reality? Is there some sort of function to make them have a physical meaning?