Yet you give neither explicit definitions nor equations. Thus, let us begin at the beginning: please provide an explicit definition of emissivity that is directly relevant to a planetary system supported by a reference from literature.
Emphasis added. The atmosphere is not in an isothermal...
I get the impression that you are treating air as a chemically uniform medium. It is far from that. Water vapor and CO2, among other components, contribute significantly to the transmission spectrum of Earth's atmosphere within the infrared spectral domain. See for example:
The following...
What seems to you is both irrelevant and incorrect.
The previous respondents have made good-faith efforts to provide you with accurate information. Take advantage of it.
I would suggest that you begin by explicitly defining what you are looking for in the products. As an example, a Google search of "best solar glasses" yields a number of lists from places like ThePlanets.org and BBC Sky at Night Magazine with recommendations. Many of those recommended glasses...
Sin-itiro Tomonaga, The Story of Spin, The University of Chicago Press, 1997.
Fascinating. I must admit that the antiquated quantum number notation is confusing. Now, about 25% through, I have reached Pauli's introduction of his spin matrices and I feel a bit more comfortable.
I hope that is possible. It depends on the amplitude of the primordial B-modes.
Be patient. Wait for your copy of Kinney to arrive and digest slowly. :smile:
Within the framework of inflation, primordial density perturbations which we ultimately observe as temperature anisotropies in the...
##\gamma## describes spontaneous radiative decay between the two energy levels.
For quite detailed quantitative information on atoms, consult NIST Atomic Spectral Database.
To the best of my knowledge, no. The observations are far from trivial. The amplitude of the primordial B-mode polarization is expected to be smaller than that of the foreground resulting from lensing and dust.
I concur that your task is far from simple. The only postulated mechanisms that I am aware of for formation of relativistic jets are the Penrose process and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism.
The first is based on frame-dragging, the second on a magnetized accretion disk with rotational...
To elaborate the comments made in Post #2. The TE cross-correlation power spectrum (courtesy of NASA/LAMBDA Archive Team) from the Planck mission is illustrated below:
It is the negative going peak in the power spectrum near ##\ell=100## that Kinney attributes to evidence consistent with...