In longitudinal beam dynamics, particles exhibits a synchrotron motion. The motion has an amplitude (action) dependant synchrotron frequency. The motion is defined in terms of rf phase devotion deviation ##\phi## as:
##H=\dot \phi^2/2 - \Omega_s^2 \cos(\phi)##
I am trying to write the particle...
1st Thnx in advance
2nd in semi conductor dose you mean the work function will equal to electron affinity + between the bottom of the conduction band and the Fermi level ?
3rd the definition of Fermi level is only at 0 temperature other temperatures is 50% probability level for occupation does...
why does work function measured from fermi level
while work function is defined by lowest energy required to remove an electron from surface of materials
and fermi level the level have 50% chance to occupation that's mean there is level above it have electron inside so why we don't measure...
for pure semiconductor at T=0 K
there is a misunderstanding between fermi level and fermi energy
just tell me where fermi level and fermi energy exist at zero absolute temperature for semiconductors
Thnx in advance
last question sorry the Fermi energy at insulators is the top level of valance band and Fermi level for ideal case in the middle of energy gap am i right ?
yea the density of at it equal to zero
thank you
put what you mean by In a semiconductor you have a well defined Fermi energy
also is there any importance to define a work function for semi conductor or insulators since Fermi level in the energy gap ??
I know that it doesn't necessarily in the center.
also i know the difference between Fermi energy and Fermi level
also i know that Fermi level tends to be the same of Fermi energy at limit T=0 K
Fermi level is the level with probability 50% to occupies also represent the same electron...
what i mean exactly what is the position of Fermi energy for semi conductor materials
1- at the highest of valance band
2- at the mid-way in energy gap
what i mean exactly what is the position of Fermi energy for semi conductor materials
1- at the highest of valance band
2- at the mid-way in energy gap like Fermi level at 0 K