(1)
I need to prove this equation:
$$
\varphi(x\cdot_{31}y) = \varphi(x)\cdot_{31}\varphi(y)
$$
So:
$$
\varphi(x\cdot_{31}y) = (x\cdot_{31}y)^{18} = x^{18}\cdot_{31}y^{18} = \varphi(x)\cdot_{31}\varphi(y)
$$ That is Correct? Function is homomorphism?