How does this Lawson–Woodward theorem work. I read on the wiki that the particles cannot be accelerated by lasers. But I do see acceleration of electrons with free space. I wonder how this is done.
https://rdcu.be/c0fRw
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.19.021303
In addition, I have...
How to prevent the plasma in the plasma wakefield accelerator from escaping? If it is magnetic confinement, it is not always necessary to supply the gas to keep it ionized, and will the gas that is not ionized still escape. If it is a solid window, won't the beam passing through the window cause...
I read a paper about coherent surface plasmon amplification by free electron pumping in an article a few days ago. It seems to work as some kind of free electron laser-like light source, and I wonder how high the energy of photons can go in this way. Also I read in another paper about...