Finding representations of antiderivatives without a closed form

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on finding series representations of integrals that do not have closed forms, specifically for real functions. Participants explore resources, methods, and branches of calculus related to this topic, including special functions and asymptotic series.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks recommendations for books or resources on series representations of integrals without closed forms, expressing interest in the topic but lacking guidance.
  • Another participant notes that any analytic function can be represented by a power series, which can be integrated term by term within an interval of convergence.
  • Special methods, such as asymptotic series expansions for specific functions like the error function, are mentioned as useful approaches.
  • A participant highlights that even with knowledge of special functions, there may still be integrals that cannot be expressed in terms of known functions.
  • Interest in asymptotic series is expressed, with a participant seeking alternative methods beyond the "infinite integration by parts" technique for deriving such series.
  • Questions arise regarding how to approach learning about elliptic integrals and hypergeometric functions, with one participant noting their complexity.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a variety of interests and approaches, with no consensus on specific methods or resources. Multiple competing views on the relevance and utility of different types of series representations and special functions remain evident.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge limitations in their knowledge and experience, particularly regarding the complexity of special functions and the lack of formal analysis coursework.

Who May Find This Useful

Individuals interested in advanced calculus, mathematical analysis, or the study of special functions may find this discussion relevant.

Manchot
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I was wondering if anyone knew of any good books (or textbooks, or websites) which discuss finding series representations of integrals which exist, but don't have a closed form. I'm interested in the subject at the moment, but I haven't had much luck online. Furthermore, what branch of calculus would this fall under? I'd imagine that it would be some kind of analysis, but seeing as I've never taken an analysis course, I have no idea what type. (I've only taken Calculus I, II, III and Diff Eq). Thanks for the help!

EDIT: I forgot to say that I'm really only interested in the integrals of real functions. I guess that that's important.
 
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Obviously, any analytic function can be represented by a power series which can always be integrated term by term within an interval of convergence.

There are various special methods, for example the asymptotic series expansion for the error function.

Learn about special functions (I think the best way to do this is with mathematica), which varioous integrands cani be reduced to.
 
Either if you do learn about special functions (the most important i would consider to be the elliptical ones and the hypergeometric),u still may encounter integrals whose values cannot be expressed by neither of the functions "Mathematica" knows...

Daniel.
 
As for power series, I'm not terribly interested in those, either. However, asymptotic series are one of my interests. I just now looked at the derivation for the asymptotic expansion for the error function, and was kind of disappointed, because it just used the "infinite integration by parts" method which I already figured out how to do. Are there any other such methods?

Yeah, I have been learning some of those special functions recently, but I'm curious as to how I should go about learning the elliptic integrals and hypergeometric functions. I just MathWorld'ed them and was kind of stunned by their complexity. Where should I even begin?
 

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