Discovering Parallel, Intersecting, and Skew Lines: A Vector Calculus Problem

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining the relationship between three lines in space defined by their parametric equations: line 1 (x=1+2t, y=-1-t, z=3t), line 2 (x=2-s, y=3s, z=1+2), and line 3 (x=5+2r, y=1-r, z=8+3r). Participants analyze whether the lines are parallel, intersecting, or skew by utilizing vector calculus techniques, including the cross product to check for parallelism and solving for intersections by equating parametric equations. The discussion emphasizes the importance of checking the consistency of equations derived from the parametric forms to determine the nature of the lines.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of vector calculus concepts, particularly parametric equations of lines.
  • Familiarity with cross product calculations to determine parallel vectors.
  • Knowledge of solving systems of equations to find points of intersection.
  • Ability to analyze geometric relationships in three-dimensional space.
NEXT STEPS
  • Learn how to apply the cross product to determine if vectors are parallel in three-dimensional space.
  • Study methods for finding intersection points of parametric lines, including setting equations equal to each other.
  • Explore the concept of skew lines and the conditions that define them in vector calculus.
  • Investigate the geometric interpretation of lines and planes in three-dimensional space.
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in mathematics, physics, and engineering who are working with vector calculus, particularly those interested in spatial relationships and geometric interpretations of lines in three dimensions.

lijet13
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Ok here is the problem:

Given two lines in space, either they are parallel, or they intersect or they are skew. Determine whether the lines taken two at a time, are parallel, intersect or are skew. If they intersect find the point of intersection.

line 1: x=1+2t, y=-1-t, z=3t; -infiniti<t<infiniti
line 2: x=2-s, y=3s, z=1+2; -infiniti<s<infiniti
line 3: x=5+2r, y=1-r, z=8+3r; -infiniti<r<infiniti

I'm not really sure where to go with this. I found the normal vector forms of the equations and I don't think any of them are parallel using the cross product=0 when vectors are parallel but i have no idea how to find itnersection or skew when given the parametric equations. Did I do the parallel part right? and where would I begin for the other parts. Do you use each part (x,y,z) from the parametric as three points to find the equation of the plane formed?

Thanks so much for any help
 
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Pick some axis, say z, (make sure none of the lines are perpendicular to this axis first; I haven't checked) and solve for x and y in terms of z for each line. Then solve for the z where two lines have the same x, say. There are a few possibilities:

1. This equation is inconsistent (reduces to somethine like 1=2).
2. The equation holds for all z (reduces to something like 1=1).
3. The y values are also the same at this z.
4. The y values are different at this z.

I'll let you figure out which each case means, but as a clue, I'll tell you that 2 of the above cases tell you they don't intersect, one tells you they do and one requires a little more work to get an answer.
 
Last edited:

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