Question About Indirect vs. Direct Bandgap Semiconductors

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    Bandgap Semiconductors
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the methods for determining whether a semiconductor material has an indirect or direct bandgap. Participants explore experimental approaches and definitions related to bandgap types, focusing on the implications for optical properties and energy emissions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about standard experiments to determine the bandgap type of an unknown material without prior knowledge of its bandgap energy.
  • Another participant suggests bombarding the semiconductor with light and observing emitted wavelengths, proposing that differing frequencies would indicate an indirect bandgap due to energy conversion to phonons.
  • A participant seeks clarification on the definitions of direct and indirect bandgap, expressing unfamiliarity with the terms.
  • Definitions are provided, indicating that a direct bandgap has the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum at the same wavevector, allowing for photon absorption and emission without phonon involvement, while an indirect bandgap does not have this alignment.
  • Further elaboration describes that indirect bandgap semiconductors primarily convert energy during electron recombination into phonons, while direct bandgap semiconductors convert it into radiation, with examples given for each type.
  • It is noted that direct bandgap semiconductors are often referred to as "optically active," whereas indirect ones are termed "optically inactive." The implication is that indirect bandgap semiconductors produce significantly less light than direct ones.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple viewpoints regarding the definitions and implications of direct and indirect bandgap semiconductors. There is no consensus on a specific experimental method to determine the bandgap type, and the discussion remains open-ended with various interpretations of the concepts involved.

Contextual Notes

Some definitions and explanations provided may depend on specific contexts or assumptions that are not fully articulated in the discussion. The relationship between energy emissions and bandgap types is discussed, but the exact experimental conditions and limitations are not detailed.

eNtRopY
Let's say I have an unknown material and I wanted to determine whether it is has an indirect or a direct bandgap. Is there a standard experiment for doing this without assuming we know the bandgap energy a priori?

eNtRopY
 
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This thought just occurred to me...

Maybe you could bombard the surface of the semiconductor with a specific wavelength of light and look for emissions of another wavelength. If the emitted wavelengths have a different frequency than the impinging wavelengths, then there the bandgap must be indirect because some of the added energy would have to be converted to phonon energy in order for an emission to take place.

Any thoughts?

eNtRopY
 
So what is

the definition of direct and indirect bandgap? I can't say that I've heard the terms.
 


Originally posted by Tyger
the definition of direct and indirect bandgap? I can't say that I've heard the terms.

Well, a direct bandgap has a conductance band minima and a valence band maxima at the same wavevector. An indirect bandgap does not. This becomes important for optical reasons. In a direct bandgap semiconductor, like GaAs, you can have absorption and emission of photons without requiring phonons for momentum conservation.

eNtRopY
 
indirect bandgap semiconductor:
semiconductor in which bottom of the conduction band does not occur at k=0 at which top of the valence band occur; energy released during electron recombination with a hole is converted primarily into phonon; e.g. Si, Ge, GaP.
(Phonon: A quasiparticle which is a quantized sound wave.)

direct bandgap semiconductor:
semiconductor in which the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band occur at the momentum k=0; energy released during band-to-band electron recombination with a hole is converted primarily into radiation (radiant recombination) wavelength of which is determined by the energy gap; e.g. GaAs, InP.

So, give the semiconductor some energy and if it makes light-it's direct. If you measure the wavelength/frequency of the light, you can get the energy gap of a direct bandgap semiconductor.
I don't think an indirect bandgap semiconductor will produce light, or at least much less than a direct bandgap semiconductor.

P.S. Direct bandgap semiconductors are sometimes reffered to as "optically active" and indirect as "optically inactive".
 

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