Thanks for the comments. Another variable they deal with is efficiency---the fraction of gravitational energy that is converted to radiation or other output---and I think their model assumes efficiency increase over time. The model starts at some time far back in the past---large z---and extends up to the present---namely z = 0.
 Quote by jonmtkisco
They do seem to apply their SMBH mass upper limit prediction only as far as the z=0 era.
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How could they go further than that? There is no negative z
