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Escape velocity in GR |
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| Aug28-08, 12:35 AM | #1 |
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Escape velocity in GR
(This was originally posted in Why mass causes space to bend but I started a new thread as it was going slightly off topic)
Einsteins equation for gravity is g=ρc2+3P (basically energy density plus 3 times the pressure)- The equation for Newtonian gravity being (incorporating m=Vρ)- [tex]g=G\frac{m}{r^2}=G\frac{4\pi r_0^3}{3r^2} \rho[/tex] where G is the gravitational constant, r0 is the radius of the object of mass, r is the distance between the center of the object and the point at which gravity is being calculated and ρ is the density of the object of mass in kg/m^3 (Note when calculating gravity at the surface, r0^3/r^2 can be reduced to simply r0) and the equation for GR gravity being- [tex]g=G\frac{4\pi r_0^3}{3r^2} \left(\rho+\frac{3P}{c^2}\right)[/tex] as above but where P is pressure in N/m^3 and c is the speed of light The escape velocity of an object relates directly to g- [tex]v_e=\sqrt{\frac{2Gm}{r}}=\sqrt{2gr}[/tex] Which raises the issue of the effects of pressure on the collapse of a neutron star into a black hole as the collapse of the star is relative to the escape velocity exceeding c- 'There are a number of important situations in which ρ does not dominate P. In a neutron star, for example, which is held up by degeneracy pressure of the neutronium it consists of, pressure and energy density contribute comparably to the right-hand side of Einstein's equation. Moreover, above a mass of about 2 solar masses a nonrotating neutron star will inevitably collapse to form a black hole, thanks in part to the gravitational attraction caused by pressure.' The Meaning of Einstein's Equations by J C Baez and E F Bunn, page 7 GR escape velocity might result in a temporarily different Schwarzschild radius as the pressure would increase the gravity, therefore increasing the escape velocity and increasing the radius which ve=c. Considering the escape velocity of a static 3 sol mass neutron star on the brink of collapse with a radius of 11 km and an average equation of state of ~1/7 - Newtonian gravity and escape velocity- gN = 3.291x10^12 m/s^2, ve = 2.691x10^8 m/s (0.898c) GR gravity and escape velocity- gGR = 4.625x10^12 m/s^2, ve = 3.190x10^8 m/s (>c) So if pressure is included the star would collapse sooner into a black hole. But would the 'new' Schwarzschild radius be temporary as the black hole settled down to 2Gm/c^2? |
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