# Convergence in Probability

by Artusartos
Tags: convergence, probability
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 P: 247 I was a bit confused with the pages that I attached... 1) "An intuitive estimate of $\theta$ is the maximum of the sample". But we are only taking random samples, so even the maximum might be far from $\theta$, right? 2) I don't understand how $E(Y_n) = (n/(n+1))\theta$. I thought that $E(Y_n) = (Y_n)*pdf = (Y_n)(\frac{nt^n-1}{\theta^n})$. 3) "Further, based on the cdf of Y_n, it is easily seen that $Y_n \rightarrow \theta$". Does that mean that E(Y_n) converges to theta, so Y_n must also converge to theta? Thank you in advance Attached Thumbnails
 Sci Advisor P: 3,252 Some of those questions are explained in this thread: http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=380389
P: 247
 Quote by Stephen Tashi Some of those questions are explained in this thread: http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=380389
Thank you for the link. It was very helpful...but I'm still a bit confused about my first and last questions...

Sci Advisor
P: 3,252
Convergence in Probability

 Quote by Artusartos 1) "An intuitive estimate of $\theta$ is the maximum of the sample". But we are only taking random samples, so even the maximum might be far from $\theta$, right?
Correct. The story of life in probability theory is that there is no deterministic connection between probability and actuality. The important theorems that mention random variables and actual oucomes only speak of the probability of certan actualities (which has a circular ring to to it). The best you can do is find an actuality that has a probability of 1 as some sort of limit is approached.
Sci Advisor
P: 6,037
 Quote by Artusartos Thank you for the link. It was very helpful...but I'm still a bit confused about my first and last questions...
For your first question - you are right. The maximum is a good guess, but it could easily be wrong.

For you third question, define Yn.
P: 247
 Quote by mathman For your first question - you are right. The maximum is a good guess, but it could easily be wrong. For you third question, define Yn.
$Y_n$ is the maximum of $X_1, ... , X_n$. Do we need to look at what $E(Y_n)$ approaches in order to see what $Y_n$ approaches to?
 Sci Advisor P: 6,037 Since E(Yn) -> θ and θ is the maximum of the distribution, the probability that lim Yn is < θ must be 0. The proof is straightforward. Let A be the event that the limit is < θ, then: E(Yn) = E(Yn|A)P(A) + E(Yn|A')P(A') -> θ only if P(A) = 0.

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