How Does a String with Varying Mass Move Through a Hole in a Table?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the dynamics of a string with varying mass as it moves through a hole in a horizontal table. The key equations derived include the external force equation, Fext = M dv/dt + (v-u) dM/dt, and the momentum considerations leading to the differential equation dv/dt + v(1/L)dy/dt = g. The participants aim to find the velocity of the string as a function of the length under the table (y) and the time (t) when the entire string exits the table. The analysis highlights the complexities introduced by the varying mass and the assumption of no friction.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of classical mechanics, particularly momentum and forces.
  • Familiarity with differential equations, specifically the form dy/dx + y P(x) = Q(x).
  • Knowledge of kinematics, including velocity and acceleration concepts.
  • Basic principles of fluid dynamics, as they relate to varying mass systems.
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  • Study the application of differential equations in mechanics, focusing on varying mass systems.
  • Learn about momentum conservation in systems with external forces.
  • Explore the effects of friction on moving bodies and how it alters motion equations.
  • Investigate similar problems involving strings and pulleys to gain deeper insights into dynamics.
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Physics students, educators, and professionals interested in mechanics, particularly those studying systems with varying mass and their dynamics in real-world applications.

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System with varying mass --- String

A string of mass M and length L is placed near a hole on the top of a horizontal and smooth table. A slight disturbance is given to one end of the string at time t = 0 so that it leaves the table through the hole. Assume the string on the table remains at rest while the remaining part is moving down. Denote the length of the string under the table as y and the speed of the string that is moving down by v.

Find:
1. v as a function of y
2. y as a function of t
3. the velocity of string when the whole string leaves the table
4. the time when the whole string leaves the table

[ Use the D.E. dy/dx + y P(x) = Q(x) to solve the problem. ]

I don't know how to do the first 2 questions. Please give me some ideas.
~ Thank you ~
----------------------------------------------
Here is my idea:
By considering the momentum
Fext= M dv/dt + (v-u) dM/dt -----★
(Resnick, Halliday--Physics 4th edt., Ch.9)
Fext= Mg , u=0 (remaining part rest at table)
dM/dt = ρdy/dt
∴ ★ becomes :
dv/dt + v(1/L)dy/dt = g
 
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Assume the string on the table remains at rest while the remaining part is moving down.
! impossible.
Friction ?
 

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