Smallest Molecules for Water to be Fluid: Why?

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SUMMARY

The smallest number of water molecules required for the substance to exhibit fluid properties is six. This conclusion is based on the necessity for surface tension and viscosity, which cannot be achieved with just one or two molecules. A stable bilayer, essential for fluid characteristics, cannot form with fewer than six molecules. Additionally, the concept of indistinguishability among molecules further complicates the scenario, emphasizing the need for a larger number of molecules to exhibit true fluid behavior.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of molecular interactions and properties
  • Knowledge of fluid dynamics principles
  • Familiarity with surface tension concepts
  • Basic grasp of molecular bilayers and their stability
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the role of surface tension in fluid dynamics
  • Explore molecular bilayer formation and stability
  • Study the properties of fluids at the molecular level
  • Investigate indistinguishability in quantum mechanics and its implications for molecular behavior
USEFUL FOR

Students of chemistry and physics, researchers in fluid dynamics, and anyone interested in the molecular basis of fluid properties will benefit from this discussion.

Lorentz
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This was a national science quiz question:

What's the smallest amount of molecules for water to have the properties of a fluid.
a)1 molecule
b)2 molecules
c)6 molecules

What's the answer and why?
 
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The best answer is probably (c) 6 molecules, but really, you may need a lot more. (a) is ruled out from viscosity. If you want a liquid, you must see surface tension, which requires at least a bilayer. You can't make a stable bilayer with only 2 molecules. You might also want to have indistinguishability. There are questions and complications arising out of the method used to contain these molecules.
 

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