Design of Hollow Shaft to Replace Solid Shaft for Same Shear Stress and Torsion

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In summary, the conversation is about designing a hollow shaft to replace a solid one, assuming that the maximum shear stress and torsion are the same in both shafts. The ratio of diameters is 0.6, and the maximum shear stress is calculated to be 79.95 x 10^6 mn/m2 and the torsion is calculated to be 122.78 x 10^3. The equations used are (T) torque/(J) polar second moment of area and (t) shear stress/(r) radius, where the polar second moment of area is calculated using the formula pie (d4-d4)/32 and the radius is equal to D/2. After correcting some errors, the dimensions of
  • #1
series111
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Homework Statement


assuming that the maximum shear stress and torsion are the same in both shafts design a hollow shaft to replace the solid one . the ratio diameters is to be 0.6 for the maximum shear stress i calculated 79.95 x 10 ^6 mn/m2 and for the torsion i calculated 122.78x10^3 in the previous question.


Homework Equations


(T) torque/ (J) polar second moment of area and (t) shear stress/ ( r) radius

polar second moment of area = pie (d4-d4)/32

radius = D/2


The Attempt at a Solution


(j)= pie ((0.6)4-d4)/32 = 0.08545 d4

(r) = 0.6/2 = 0.3

solid shaft = j/r = 152.41x10^6 / 99.25 x 10 ^-3 = 1.535 x 10^-3values from previous question

hollow shaft = j/r = 0.08545/0.3 = 284.83 x 10^ -3

d 3 square root with 1.535 x 10^-3/284.83 x 10^-3 under it = 175.32 x 10^-3

D= 0.6 x D = 0.6 x 175.32 x 10^-3 = 105.19 x 10^-3

therefore the dimensions are 175mm and 105mm

i think these values are wrong as the solid shaft is 198.5mm and i always thought the hollow shaft would be larger in diameter please help as i don't no what i have done wrong..
 
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  • #2
series111 said:

Homework Statement


assuming that the maximum shear stress and torsion are the same in both shafts design a hollow shaft to replace the solid one . the ratio diameters is to be 0.6 for the maximum shear stress i calculated 79.95 x 10 ^6 mn/m2 and for the torsion i calculated 122.78x10^3 in the previous question.


Homework Equations


(T) torque/ (J) polar second moment of area and (t) shear stress/ ( r) radius

polar second moment of area = pie (d4-d4)/32
that's pie(d_o^4 - d_i^4)/32
radius = D/2
please watch your subscripts, r = d_o/2

The Attempt at a Solution


(j)= pie ((0.6)4-d4)/32 = 0.08545 d4
the equation should be pie(d_o^4 - (0.6d_o)^4))/32, but your answer is correct
(r) = 0.6/2 = 0.3
r is d_o/2
solid shaft = j/r = 152.41x10^6 / 99.25 x 10 ^-3 = 1.535 x 10^-3values from previous question

hollow shaft = j/r = 0.08545/0.3 = 284.83 x 10^ -3

d 3 square root with 1.535 x 10^-3/284.83 x 10^-3 under it = 175.32 x 10^-3

D= 0.6 x D = 0.6 x 175.32 x 10^-3 = 105.19 x 10^-3

therefore the dimensions are 175mm and 105mm

i think these values are wrong as the solid shaft is 198.5mm and i always thought the hollow shaft would be larger in diameter please help as i don't no what i have done wrong..
Yes, it should be larger in diameter; please correct your errors and try again. Be careful with the math, there are a lot of places where you can go wrong..
 
  • #3
Had another look today and relised where i have went wrong here is my new answers :

torsion / polar second moment of area = tau/ radius

: (t) 122.78 x 10^3/(j) 0.08545 = (tau) 79.95 x 10 ^6/d/2

: (t) 122.78 x 10 ^3/(tau) 79.95 x 10 ^6 = (j) 0.08545 / d/2


D= 3 square root with 122.78 x 10^3/79.95 x 10 ^6 divide by 2 x 0.08545 = 207.90x10 ^-3m


d= 0.6 x D = 0.6 x 207.90 x 10 ^-3 = 124.74 x 10 -3m

the dimensions for the hollow shaft are D=208mm and d=125mm

hopefully i am correct this time!
 
  • #4
Yes, that looks about right.:approve:
 
  • #5
thanks for checking :smile:
 

1. What is the difference between a solid and hollow shaft?

A solid shaft is a cylindrical rod with a constant diameter, while a hollow shaft has a hollow center with a larger outer diameter.

2. What are the advantages of using a solid shaft?

Solid shafts are generally stronger and stiffer than hollow shafts, making them more suitable for applications that require high torque and power transmission.

3. When should I use a hollow shaft instead of a solid shaft?

Hollow shafts are often used in applications where weight is a concern, as they are lighter than solid shafts. They are also more cost-effective in terms of material usage.

4. How do you determine the appropriate size for a solid or hollow shaft?

The size of a shaft is determined by the amount of torque and power it needs to transmit, as well as the desired safety factor. A solid shaft will have a larger diameter than a hollow shaft to handle the same amount of torque.

5. Can a solid shaft be converted into a hollow shaft?

Yes, solid shafts can be machined or drilled to create a hollow center. However, this can weaken the overall strength and stiffness of the shaft, so it is important to consider the application and its requirements before making any modifications.

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