Dark Matter & Gravitational Effects on Galaxies

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of dark matter and its gravitational effects on galaxies, particularly in relation to galaxy rotation curves and the radial distribution of dark matter. Participants explore theoretical implications and observational evidence regarding dark matter's influence on galactic dynamics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how dark matter, which is said to surround galaxies, can exert gravitational influence on objects within the galaxy, referencing Gauss's law.
  • Another participant clarifies that dark matter not only surrounds galaxies but also has a density profile that increases towards the center, suggesting it permeates the galaxy.
  • A participant expresses uncertainty about the mechanism by which dark matter causes uniform rotational speeds in galaxies, proposing a model where mass is proportional to distance from the center but doubts its correctness.
  • References to the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile are made, indicating a class of radial profiles for dark matter, though no specific recommendations for further reading are provided.
  • One participant briefly mentions tidal forces as a potential explanation, but does not elaborate further.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of dark matter's gravitational effects and the specifics of its radial distribution. The discussion remains unresolved, with multiple competing hypotheses and uncertainties present.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about dark matter's distribution and its effects on galactic rotation. The discussion reflects ongoing debates in observational and theoretical astrophysics.

Moose352
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My understanding is that dark matter surrounds a galaxy in a spherical formation. What I don't understand this type of dark matter can explain the non-Kepplerian rotation of the galaxy. According to Gauss's law, in a spherical shell, only the mass inside the orbit of a body has a net gravitational force on the body. Why then would the dark matter surrounding the galaxy have any gravitational effect on the anything inside of it?
 
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It's the 'surround' part that may have got you confused.

In one sense, dark matter does 'surround' dwarf galaxies, many spirals, etc ... the dark matter is present in regions beyond those where stars are observed.

However, the density of the dark matter increases towards the centre of the galaxy (the radial profile is a topic of considerable debate, both observationally and theoretically), so dark matter also permeates the whole galaxy (as well as surrounding it).
 
Yes, I came to that conclusion. Thanks for confirming it. But I still don't know for sure how the dark matter causes the speed to be the same. A friend and I figured out that if the dark matter fills up the galaxy so that the mass at any point is proportional to r (distance from center), the speed will be the same. This probably isn't correct, so what is the real reason?
 
If you google on 'dark matter radial profile', you get lots of references which include the mysterious letters 'NFW'. They stand for Navarro, Frenk and White, who wrote a paper (in 1996?) deriving a class of radial profiles. It's quite fun dipping into some of the papers google serves up ... sorry that I don't have a good one to recommend as a place to start :eek:
 
Nereid said:
If you google on 'dark matter radial profile', you get lots of references which include the mysterious letters 'NFW'. They stand for Navarro, Frenk and White, who wrote a paper (in 1996?) deriving a class of radial profiles. It's quite fun dipping into some of the papers google serves up ... sorry that I don't have a good one to recommend as a place to start :eek:

Tidal forces is the short answer.
 

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