Probability question - Bayes' Theorem - 4 Balls, 2 white, P(all white) = ?

dharavsolanki

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

A Bag contains 4 balls.two balls are drawn at random,and are found to be white.what is the probability that all balls are white?

2. Relevant equations
P(B/A) = P(A intersection B) / P (A)


3. The attempt at a solution

A = Two balls are white.
B = All four balls are white.

I wrote P(B/A) and P(A/B) according to Bayes' theorem and eliminated the intersection term, to arrive with P(B/A) = P(B)/P(A). Ofcourse, P(A|B) = 1.

How do i solve these two now?

I found an alternate solution on net which goes this way...
and another which says...
Can anyone, apart from helping me with my question, explain the first aliter and the mistake in assuming the probability = 1/2 in the second aliter?

vela

I don't think you can solve this without more information. For example, if all you have is white balls to fill the bag, then the probability is obviously 1. On the other hand, if white is just one of an equally likely million colors, the probability will be close to 0.

arildno

Hi, dharavsolanki!

You have three possible states that two whites out of four can arise from:

A) 2 whites and 2 non-whites.
B) 3 whites and 1 non-white
C) 4 whites.

You are to determine the probability of C, given that you pick two whites.

The easiest way to solve this is as follows:

If you have case A), there will be a total of 4*3=12 possible outcomes (permutations included), with 2 of those outcomes being to get two whites.

If you have case B), there will also be 12 possible outcomes, with 3*2=6 of those being to get two whites.

If you have case C) there will also be 12 possible outcomes, ALL of which yield two whites.

Given that you get two whites, there is in total 2+6+12=20 outcomes you have picked 1 from!

Thus, the chance that this outcome lies in C) is simply 12/20=3/5.

willem2

This is only right if you assume that the the a priori probabilities of cases A, B and C are all 1/3. That fact should have been given in the question.

arildno

Sure enough.