How many physical states are there (that we can't physically touch)?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of physical states of matter, particularly those that cannot be physically touched or observed directly. Participants explore various particles and states, including neutrinos, Bose-Einstein condensates, and states at extreme temperatures, as well as the implications of these states in the context of theoretical physics and cosmology.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks clarification on physical states of matter beyond the traditional categories (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) and mentions particles from space that pass through us.
  • Another participant identifies neutrinos as the particles that pass through us, noting their near-massless nature and low interaction with other particles.
  • A different participant argues that neutrinos should not be classified as a state of matter, comparing them to fundamental particles like electrons and questioning the classification of other non-baryonic particles.
  • One participant acknowledges the neutrino as the particle they were thinking of, confirming its elusive nature.
  • Another participant introduces the idea of additional physical states at extremely high temperatures, referencing the unification of forces and phase transformations in the early universe following the Big Bang.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether neutrinos constitute a state of matter, with some supporting their classification as fundamental particles rather than states. The discussion also touches on the existence of other states of matter at extreme conditions, indicating multiple competing views without a clear consensus.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved questions regarding the definitions of states of matter and the classification of particles like neutrinos and electrons. The discussion also hints at the complexity of phase transformations in the early universe, which may require further exploration.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying physics, particularly in the fields of particle physics, cosmology, and the states of matter.

Cyberice
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I know this sounds like a strange question but I'm trying to make a thesis-paper/informational on the physical states of matter (Yes ofcourse I know liquid, solid, gas, and plasma) but I once read in a physical science book (and even saw an illustration) of certain particles that come from space that constantly pass *through* US and the EARTH. They don't apply physically to us and (most likely) we can't illuminate them in our visible spectrum. I also know of another state of matter that is reached at "absolute zero" but that is still a physical state.

Please help me if you can to find out which particle (if any) can pass through us and give examples (and preferably a link so I can have a reference for my paper besides: someone told me). Thnx.
 
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I guess the particles that constantly pass through us they were referring to are called "neutrinos". They are almost mass-less, have no charge and travel at near the speed of light. They don't often interact with other particles.

The near-zero state applies only to Bosons and it is called an "Einstein-Bose Condensate". The particles involved all lose much their energy due to the low temperature and consequently "falls" down to the lowest state of energy. Because levels of energy are quantized all the particles gets to share the same state and become indistinguishable from each other, acting together as one giant particle.
 
I don't think the neutrino is really a "state of matter", but just a fundamental particle, like your electron. What is the state of matter of a beam of electrons? As they aren't matter in the baryonic sense, I don't think you can say the neutrinos are in any particular state.
 
I think it was a neutrino that I was thinking of when I mentioned a particle that passed through almost everything. Thnx for your help.
 
Aren't there also other physical states at extremely high temperatures, including the unification of the electromagnetic and the weak nuclear forces, as well as the unification of the strong nuclear force high up at the temperature scale? I've read that the universe has undergone several phase transformations after the Big Bang, in which the forces started to separate from each other.
 

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