Can a non-zero matrix multiply itself to become zero matrix?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around whether a non-zero matrix can multiply itself to yield a zero matrix. It explores concepts related to matrix multiplication, nilpotent matrices, and the properties of row and column spaces, as well as the definitions of zero divisors in algebraic structures.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asserts that in real numbers, only zero multiplied by itself results in zero, questioning if a non-zero matrix can do the same.
  • Another participant provides an example of a 2x2 matrix that demonstrates this property, suggesting it is nilpotent.
  • A different participant agrees that the example illustrates a nilpotent element in the context of 2x2 matrices and identifies it as a zero divisor.
  • One participant claims that for symmetric (or Hermitian) matrices, no such non-zero matrix can be found that multiplies to zero.
  • Several participants argue that based on the definition of multiplication, the only way to achieve a product of zero is if at least one factor is zero, implying that non-zero factors cannot produce a zero product.
  • One participant challenges the previous assertions by noting that while the statement may hold for fields, it does not apply to rings, where non-zero elements can multiply to yield zero, identifying such elements as zero divisors.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the possibility of a non-zero matrix multiplying to yield a zero matrix. Some argue it is impossible based on multiplication definitions, while others provide counterexamples and discuss specific cases like nilpotent matrices and zero divisors.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the properties of matrices and the definitions of multiplication in different algebraic structures, which may not be universally applicable without further clarification.

kakarukeys
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In real number, only zero multiplies itself to become zero.
Can a non-zero matrix multiply itself to become zero matrix?
equivalent question: Can the row space of a matrix be orthogonal to the column space?

I'm sorry if the question looks stupid.
 
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Yeah, an example is:

Code:
(1 -1/2)
(2 -1)
.
 
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Yep this is an example of a nilpotent (xn = 0 for some n) element of a ring (iu this case the ring of 2 x 2 matrices) and hence a zero divisor.
 
Last edited:
Thanks
I also found that if we restrict ourselves to symmetric matrices (Hermitian matrices in complex case).
No such matrix can be found.
 
No, based upon the definition of multiplication, the only way to have a product of zero is if one of the factors are zero. ie. if both factors are non-zero, the product must be non-zero.
 
No, based upon the definition of multiplication, the only way to have a product of zero is if one of the factors are zero. ie. if both factors are non-zero, the product must be non-zero.

You must've missed the part where kakarukeys said this was about matrices.
 
Greg Bernhardt said:
No, based upon the definition of multiplication, the only way to have a product of zero is if one of the factors are zero. ie. if both factors are non-zero, the product must be non-zero.

I think that's true for fields, but it's not true for rings in general, infact a non-zero memenber of a ring that has the property of being (right) multiplied by some other non-zero member to give zero is called a zero divisor.
 
Last edited:

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