Explain the word particle flavour

[wolram]

Can someone please explain the word flavour, when used to describe
types of particle, to a none expert.

 

[Gokul43201]

Quarks (which make up all matter, save leptons) come in 6 flavors, which is to say that there are 6 distinguishable types of quarks (each with a different set of properties).

flavor, mass (eV)
up, 5 M
down, 7 M
strange, 150 M
charmed, 1.5 G
top, 176 ± 13 G
bottom, 4.8 G

Also, quarks can decay from one flavor to another.

I'll let the high energy folks lead you through the guts of this.

 

[zefram_c]

Actually, it's the more massive quarks that decay into the less massive ones. We only find the u and d quarks in nature; all others are produced in high energy collisions in accelerators.

 

[Major]

Just a little precision, you seems to say that the quark masses are fixed, but they are not well known. Here are the last results (see http://pdg.lbl.gov/2004/listings/qxxx.html) :

u : 1.5 MeV --> 4.0 MeV
d : 4 MeV --> 8 MeV
s : 80 MeV --> 130 MeV
c : 1.15 GeV --> 1.35 GeV
b : 4.1 GeV --> 4.4 GeV (MSbar scheme)
t : $$178.1^{+10.4}_{-8.3}$$ GeV

 

[wolram]

By Major
Just a little precision, you seems to say that the quark masses are fixed, but they are not well known. Here are the last results (see http://pdg.lbl.gov/2004/listings/qxxx.html) :

u : 1.5 MeV --> 4.0 MeV
d : 4 MeV --> 8 MeV
s : 80 MeV --> 130 MeV
c : 1.15 GeV --> 1.35 GeV
b : 4.1 GeV --> 4.4 GeV (MSbar scheme)
t : GeV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So from this flavour equates to energy level?
I note that the bottom and top quarks are much more massive than the
others, do these change flavour?

 

[humanino]

The first problem when discussing the mass of quarks is that, since they are confined one can not take a single quark and weight it : so does it really make sens at all to speak about their mass ? So it was agreed that, by mass one should mean "the parameter in the kinetic energy term".

The second problem is again related to the ffact that quarks always stick together : while weighting a baryon you will get not only the mass of the constituents but also the binding energy. In the case of quarks, the mass is very small as compared to the binding energy.

From the above we see that u and d quarks are very light indeed.
s quark is still quite light.
c and b are heavy.
t is badly heavy.

There is a very good approximate symmetry called "chiral symmetry" which would be exact if the quarks were massless. Many results can be obtained by studying how this symmetry is broken. This leads to efficient methods for QCD at low energy, in the non-perturbative regime.