Why Do Stars Turn Red Giants as They Age?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the phenomenon of stars transitioning into red giants as they age, focusing on the underlying mechanisms of temperature changes and radiation emissions during this phase. Participants explore theoretical aspects of stellar evolution and the implications of energy generation processes within stars.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why a star, initially a hot blue-white star, is termed a red giant when it has a higher temperature, suggesting that it should radiate in the ultraviolet spectrum rather than the red.
  • Another participant asserts that as a star becomes a red giant, it increases in size and the radiation emitted becomes less energetic, shifting towards the red end of the spectrum.
  • A later reply elaborates that the radiation from the proton-fusing shell surrounding the core has less energy by the time it reaches the photosphere compared to the energy produced in the core, contributing to the red giant classification.
  • Further, it is proposed that the energy from the proton-fusing shell generates radiative pressure that counteracts the star's collapse, leading to the expansion of its outer regions, which results in the red coloration due to longer wavelength emissions.
  • Concerns are raised about the future of Earth as the Sun evolves into a red giant, indicating a period of declining radiation followed by a significant increase in temperature when the proton-fusing shell ignites.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying interpretations of the processes involved in a star's transition to a red giant, with no consensus reached on the specifics of the temperature and radiation dynamics.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the energy generation processes and the definitions of temperature and radiation types are not fully explored, leaving room for further clarification and discussion.

orange
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A star which radiates as a blackbody has an increasing temperature almost it's entire life. If it begins as a huge, hot blue-white star, why is it that it's called a red giant when the hydrogen runs out? If the temperature is higher, it should be radiating mostly in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, not the other way around, right?

Would appreciate any answers, thanks!
 
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This page will explain it better than I could, but the fact is that as a star enters this phase, it becomes very large, and the radiation becomes less-energetic (shifted toward the red end of the spectrum), thus "red giant".

http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/starold.html
 
turbo-1 said:
This page will explain it better than I could, but the fact is that as a star enters this phase, it becomes very large, and the radiation becomes less-energetic (shifted toward the red end of the spectrum), thus "red giant".

http://www.historyoftheuniverse.com/starold.html

Thanks mate.

If I understood it correctly, the radiation generated from the proton-fusing shell surrounding the alpha-particle core, has less energy when it reaches the photosphere than when protons are fused in the core.
 
orange said:
Thanks mate.

If I understood it correctly, the radiation generated from the proton-fusing shell surrounding the alpha-particle core, has less energy when it reaches the photosphere than when protons are fused in the core.
Yes, the proton-fusing shell gives a new energy source to the star, and this radiative pressure reverses the collapse of the star and causes the outer regions of the star to be pushed out (thus the giant). The radiation loses energy traversing this extra thickness of star-stuff, resulting in longer wavelength emissions (thus the red). When our sun does this, the Earth will have had to suffer a long period of declining radiation (icy planet syndrome), only to be toasted like a marshmallow when the proton-fusing shell lights off and causes the sun to swell.
 

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