Generalized Pell Equation and Primes

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the Generalized Pell Equation, specifically the equation X² - 2Y² = P, where P is a prime of the form 8N + 1. Participants explore conditions under which this equation has solutions in odd integers, the implications of quadratic residues, and corrections to earlier statements regarding the formulation of the conjecture.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant conjectures that the equation X² - 2Y² = P has solutions in odd integers if P is a prime of the form 8N + 1, and seeks proof that 2 is a quadratic residue of such P.
  • Another participant asserts that for primes of the form 8k ± 1, X² ≡ 2 (mod P) holds true, referencing Gauss's theory of quadratic residues.
  • A participant corrects their earlier statement, clarifying that the conjecture should state X² - 2Y² = -P has solutions in odd integers for P of the form 8N + 1, indicating that the original formulation was incorrect.
  • It is noted that for primes of the form 4k + 1, which includes those of the form 8k + 1, there is a solution to X² ≡ -1 (mod P), leading to the conclusion that X² ≡ -2 (mod P) also has solutions.
  • One participant presents a specific example involving the numbers 5 and 2, questioning the validity of the conjecture based on this example.
  • A corrected conjecture is reiterated, emphasizing that for odd integers, X² - 2Y² is congruent to 7 mod 8.
  • It is stated that all odd squares are congruent to 1 mod 8, with a brief derivation provided.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the formulation of the conjecture and the conditions under which the equations have solutions. There is no consensus on the validity of the conjecture as presented, and multiple competing interpretations of the conditions exist.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes corrections to earlier claims and clarifications regarding the formulation of the conjecture, but these do not resolve the underlying questions about the existence of solutions.

ramsey2879
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I have a conjecture that the equation X^2 - 2Y^2 = P has solutions in odd integers if P is a prime of the form 8*N+1. I know of a paper that requires one to find Q such that Q^2 = 2 mod P inorder to solve these equations using continued fractions. To get to first base in proving my conjecture, is there a proof that 2 is a quadratic residue of P where P is a prime of the form 8*N+1?
 
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When p is of the form 8k +-1, then X^2 ==2 Mod (p) is always the case! The theory of quadratic residues was developed by Gauss.
 
Last edited:
Thanks. Also it is to be noted that I stated my conjecture wrongly. I should have wrote X^2 - 2Y^2 = - P has solutions in odd integers where P is a prime of the form 8*n +1. It is impossible for the other way around to be correct.
 
If p is for the form 4k+1, which satisfies 8k+1, then there is a solution to X^2==-1, Mod P. So for p==1 Mod 8, there is a solution to X^2 ==-2 Mod p.
 
Ramsey 2879: Thanks. Also it is to be noted that I stated my conjecture wrongly. I should have wrote X^2 - 2Y^2 = - P has solutions in odd integers where P is a prime of the form 8*n +1. It is impossible for the other way around to be correct.

Well, there is a question here: 5^2-2(2)^2 = 25-8 = 17,

But: 17 = 2(3^2)-(1)^2 = 18-1.

So you' ll have to look at that again.
 
ramsey2879 said:
My conjecture as corrected stands
Note that for odd integers, X^2- 2Y^2 always equals 7 mod 8. Sorry for the miscommunication.
 
Last edited:
All odd squaes are congruent to 1 Mod 8. (2x+1)^2 = 4x^2+4x+1 =
4x(x+1) +1 ==1 Mod 8.
 

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