How can I calculate the frictional force on a moving sphere in an ideal gas?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the frictional force acting on a sphere of radius a and mass M moving with velocity v in an ideal gas at temperature T. The total cross-section for collisions is established as σ_tot = πa², and the number of gas molecules interacting with the sphere is derived from the gas density ρ. The momentum conservation principle is applied, leading to the expression for the change in speed of the sphere, dv = |p_s' - p_s|/M, which is essential for determining the resistance force F = M(dv/dx).

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gdumont
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Ok, I need to find the frictional force on sphere of radius [itex]a[/itex] and mass [itex]M[/itex] moving with velocity [itex]v[/itex] in an ideal gas at temperature [itex]T[/itex].

If I put myself in the sphere frame, then diffrential cross-section is
[tex] \frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega} = \frac{a^2}{4}[/tex]
and the total cross-section is [itex]\sigma_{\textrm{tot}}=\pi a^2[/itex]. How do I find the frictional force from this? Ellastic collisions between the sphere and the gas particules are assumed.

Any help greatly appreciated.
 
Last edited:
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Ok, here's what I tought:

If the gas has density [itex]\rho[/itex] than the number of molecules in a volume [itex]\sigma_{\textrm{tot}}dx[/itex] is [itex]dN=\pi \rho a^2 dx[/itex]. If collisions are ellastic, then
[tex] \textbf{p}_s + \textbf{p}_i = \textbf{p}_s' + \textbf{p}_i'[/tex]
where the [itex]s[/itex] and the [itex]i[/itex] denote respectively the momentum of the sphere and the [itex]i[/itex]th molecule. The prime denotes the momentum after collision. (I assumed that molecules do not collide simultaneously.)

The change in speed of the sphere is
[tex] dv = \frac{|\textbf{p}_s' - \textbf{p}_s|}{M}[/tex]
From accelaration [itex]dv/dx[/itex] if the [itex]x[/itex] direction is chosen along the movement of the sphere we can find the resistance force
[tex] F = M\frac{dv}{dx}[/tex]
Now I need to evaluate either [itex]\textbf{p}_s' - \textbf{p}_s[/itex] or [itex]\textbf{p}_i - \textbf{p}_i'[/itex].

Anyone can help?
 
Last edited:

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