@micromass The LHS and RHS of the equations are defined by the vector dot product, I've made some changes in the original post in an attempt to clarify that.
@andrewkirk I've added more to the relevant equations sections to address what you said. There are probably a few more theorems but this...
Homework Statement
Let A be an n x n matrix, and let v, w ∈ ℂn.
Prove that Av ⋅ w = v ⋅ A†w
Homework Equations
† = conjugate transpose
⋅ = dot product
* = conjugate
T = transpose
(AB)-1 = B-1A-1
(AB)-1 = BTAT
(AB)* = A*B*
A† = (AT)*
Definitions of Unitary and Hermitian Matrices
Complex Mod...