A question about Vanadium dioxide smart window heating

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the properties and applications of Vanadium Dioxide (VO2) smart windows, particularly their temperature-dependent transmittance performance. Key research papers examine the effects of textured substrates and strain on VO2's transmittance at temperatures of 25°C and 100°C. Notably, the transformation temperature can be lowered to approximately 29°C by doping with tungsten, enhancing its suitability for heat-repellent coatings. Additionally, recent findings on single-crystal nanowires reveal a triple point at 65°C, indicating significant potential for electronic applications.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Vanadium Dioxide (VO2) properties
  • Familiarity with temperature-dependent material behavior
  • Knowledge of doping techniques in materials science
  • Basic principles of infrared transmittance and reflectance
NEXT STEPS
  • Research methods for controlling temperature in VO2 experiments
  • Explore the impact of tungsten doping on VO2 properties
  • Investigate applications of VO2 in electronic devices
  • Learn about the significance of triple points in phase transitions
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Researchers, materials scientists, and engineers interested in smart window technology, energy-efficient building materials, and advanced electronic applications.

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How to heat a Vanadium dioxide smart window
First of all, I do not know which question should be posted on which topic. Sorry for that.

I am reading a few research papers related to VO2 smart window.
The example papers that I am reading.
1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2019.103019
2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.024

The first research investigates the effect of textured substrates on transmittance performance at different temperatures. They are focusing on measuring the transmittance of VO2 smart window at temperatures of 25 and 100 degrees.

The second research investigates the effects of strain and an increase in temperature on transmittance and energy consumption of VO2 smart windows.

1. I am curious about the method that they use to heat or control the temperature on the VO2 smart window.
2. Are there any methods that are simple and used to control temperature in terms of doing an experiment like these papers?
 
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Here is what Wikipedia says about it:
At 68 °C, it transforms from an infrared transparent and semiconducting state to a reflective and conductive state in a very short time. By introducing small amounts of tungsten into vanadium dioxide, the transformation temperature can be reduced to about 29 °C, which makes the oxide suitable for heat-repellent coating of glass surfaces.

The other property is its triple point.
Recent studies on single-crystal nanowires of vanadium(IV) oxide have shown that at 65.0 °C a triple point of one metallic and two insulating phases of the metal oxide is present. Only the slightest changes in these conditions are sufficient to stabilize only one single phase at a time, with the changes taking place within a few picoseconds.
That makes it interesting for electronic applications.

For references, see https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium(IV)-oxid#Einzelnachweise
 
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