About Photon as an independent entity

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SUMMARY

The photon was established as an independent entity through the Compton effect in 1920, as discussed by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji in relation to Albert Einstein's 1905 photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect initially suggested that electromagnetic waves contained continuous energy, while the Compton effect demonstrated that both electrons and electromagnetic waves could be treated as free particles, conserving energy and momentum. This distinction clarified the photon's status as a true physical entity, leading to the modern understanding of wave-particle duality.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the photoelectric effect
  • Familiarity with the Compton effect
  • Basic knowledge of quantum mechanics
  • Concept of wave-particle duality
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  • Study the Compton effect in detail to understand its implications for particle physics
  • Explore the historical context of the photoelectric effect and its role in quantum theory
  • Investigate wave-particle duality and its significance in modern physics
  • Review Claude Cohen-Tannoudji's contributions to quantum mechanics
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Students of physics, educators in quantum mechanics, and researchers interested in the historical development of particle theory will benefit from this discussion.

DaTario
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Hi All

I was re-reading the first pages of the book from Mr Claude Cohen-Tannoudji ,... (Quantum Mechanics) and something called my attention.
In commenting the appearence , in 1905, of the photon notion in Albert Einstein's paper on photelectric effect, he (Mr. Claude) says that only in 1920, with the Compton effect, was the photon proved to be an independent entity.

My question thus is concerned with this criteria.

Why photoelectric effect is less capable of demonstrating the photon's independent nature as a physical entity than Compton's effect?

Best Wishes

DaTario
 
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I think in the early days of quantum mechanics, the interpretation of the photoelectric effect was that electromagnetic waves contain a continuous amount of energy, but that the energy could only be added and subtracted in "chunks" of magnitude h*nu. However, the Compton effect shows that the interaction of a free electron with an electromagnetic wave is correctly analyzed by treating both the electron and the EM wave as free particles and conserving energy and momentum. This is not consistent with the earlier interpretation, and makes it clearer that the photon is a true "entity". Afterwards, it became clear that all particles have both wave and particle characteristics, which is the interpretation we have today.
 
Thank you Phyzguy

Best Regards,

DaTario
 

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