Aldehyde Reactivity in Aqueous Base: Mechanism and Species Identification

  • Thread starter Thread starter Sourabh N
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Aqueous Base
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the reactivity of 2,2-diphenylethanal in aqueous base, specifically identifying the predominant species formed and elucidating the mechanism involved. Participants explore various pathways and reactions, including the roles of hydroxide ions and potential products such as enols and geminal diols.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question whether the hydroxide ion would attack the carbonyl carbon or the diphenyl carbon, or if it would interact with the enol form.
  • One participant suggests that the hydroxide should be added to the carbonyl carbon due to its electropositive nature, raising the question of what product is generated and whether it is a stronger base than hydroxide.
  • Another participant notes that there are no alpha protons available for deprotonation, but identifies a hydrogen on a tertiary carbon that could be captured by hydroxide.
  • There is a discussion about the consequences of attacking the carbonyl carbon, leading to a negative charge on the oxygen and the potential formation of two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon, which raises questions about the stability of such a species.
  • Some participants explore the possibility of forming a geminal diol and discuss the implications of having two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon, including the potential for rearrangement or the release of a water molecule.
  • The concept of the conjugate base of a geminal diol is introduced, prompting further inquiry into its behavior in an aqueous environment.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various viewpoints on the mechanism and products formed, indicating that there is no consensus on the specific species generated or the exact pathway taken in the reaction.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations in their understanding, such as the lack of clarity regarding which hydrogen will be removed and the stability of proposed intermediates. The discussion also reflects uncertainty about the implications of reactions occurring in an aqueous medium.

Sourabh N
Messages
634
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


In aqueous base, 97% of 2,2-diphenylethanal is present as a species different from the aldehyde, enol or aldol addition or condensation products. What is this species? Please also try to explain the mechanism.



Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



I'm confused in the first step. Would the hydroxyl ion attack carbonyl carbon or the diphenyl carbon; or it will attack on the enol form. please help.:confused:
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Please someone try the question. I have struggled with it for a long time.
 
Please someone try the question. I have struggled with it for a long time.
 
The hydroxide is negatively charged and there are no alpha protons to deprotonate. Try adding the hydroxide anion to the carbonyl carbon since it is the most electropositive species. What do you generate? Is it a stronger base than hydroxide?

Remember that it is in water... lots of protons available. Also, the base is a catalyst and reactant in this reaction, meaning that at the end of the process there is still the original amount of hydroxide concentration around.
 
chemisttree said:
The hydroxide is negatively charged and there are no alpha protons to deprotonate.

The structure is (C6H5)2CHCH=O. There is a Hydrogen(attached to 3 deg carbon havin phenyl substituents) that can be captured by hydroxide.

Actually this is my confusion : which H will be removed : carbonyl C's or 3 deg C's?

neway thanks for reply.
 
If you attack the carbonyl carbon, you get a negative charge on the oxygen, and since there are protons in the medium, you end up getting two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon which again gives you your original product.

I don't think that's what they're asking you to do. If, however, you do take the 3 deg c, then the negative charge you do get is delocalised through resonance among the two phenyl groups and the double bond of the aldehyde oxygen. I think here that's what will happen cause it seems like the resonance is sufficient to stabalise the negative charge enough so that the species exists in that state.
 
ur reasoning is correct; does nething happen after that?
 
chemisttree said:
The hydroxide is negatively charged and there are no alpha protons to deprotonate.

Sorry about that. I should have been more careful about the structure.

You will notice that the alpha proton is available for deprotonation and can easily form the enol. From the enol, you might consider the aldol addition product but the question specifically states that this is not reflected in the product distribution. The enol reaction is reversible and even though it can form another reaction occurs that removes the diphenylethanal from the equilibrium.

What would you get if you added hydroxide to the carbonyl carbon?
 
chaoseverlasting said:
If you attack the carbonyl carbon, you get a negative charge on the oxygen, and since there are protons in the medium, you end up getting two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon which again gives you your original product.

This is not the original product (an aldehyde) but is a geminal diol...
 
  • #10
chemisttree said:
This is not the original product (an aldehyde) but is a geminal diol...

But two hydroxide groups can't exist on the same carbon atom. They release a water molecule don't they? Unless here some kind of carbocation is formed which causes the molecule to undergo rearrangement. Unless the positive charge is on the carbonyl carbon, it won't even undergo rearrangement, as the other carbon has two phenyl groups on it.
 
  • #11
chemisttree said:
What would you get if you added hydroxide to the carbonyl carbon?

Conjugate base of a geminal diol!
 
  • #12
Sourabh N said:
Conjugate base of a geminal diol!

What would that do in an aqueous environment?
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
3K
Replies
14
Views
4K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
11K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
6K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
9K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
4K