Creating a Neutron Beam: Challenges & Solutions

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on the challenges and solutions related to creating a neutron beam from artificial sources, including methods of collimation and the behavior of neutrons emitted from various processes such as decay and spallation. The scope includes theoretical considerations and practical applications in experimental setups.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the trajectory of emitted neutrons is random, suggesting that this would lead to a neutron flux field rather than a defined beam.
  • Another participant proposes that collimation can be achieved by using a small aperture in a neutron-absorbing material to allow neutrons traveling in the desired direction to pass through.
  • A different participant expresses skepticism about the efficiency of collimators and inquires about alternative methods for reflecting or rerouting neutrons to form a beam.
  • One participant suggests that neutrons can be directly produced as a beam through spallation by directing high-energy protons at a target, which results in neutrons traveling roughly in the same direction as the protons.
  • Another participant mentions the use of neutron reflectors in nuclear reactors, noting that while not all neutrons contribute to the beam, a high neutron flux is still beneficial for experiments.
  • A later reply confirms the use of neutron supermirrors as a method for reflecting neutrons to create a beam.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the efficiency of collimation methods and the mechanisms for creating a neutron beam, indicating that multiple competing approaches and uncertainties remain in the discussion.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the behavior of neutrons and the effectiveness of various methods for beam formation, which may depend on specific experimental conditions and definitions of efficiency.

Aidan Davis
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When an artificial neutron source is created, from decay (from ground state or from an excited state resulting from fusion or a photon), or spallation, the trajectory of the emitted neutron is random,right? This would mean that there would be a neutron flux field, following the inverse square law, as opposed to a beam. If this is correct, what mechanisms are used to bunch up the neutrons into a single beam, considering that they are easily absorbed and do not have a charge?
 
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The beam has to be collimated somehow. You can do so by leaving a small aperture in a material which absorbs neutrons. The neutrons traveling in the direction you want will pass through the aperture. The neutrons moving at a larger angle will be absorbed by the collimator. Here's the collimator for the neutron stream of the University of Washington's cyclotron:
300px-UW_Collimator.jpg
 
The idea of a collaminator came to mind at first, but it seems very inefficient. Is there anything that reflects or reroutes them to make a beam?
 
To be honest I'm not sure. Sorry. :frown:
 
You can directly create them as beam via spallation. If you shoot high-energetic protons (as beam) on a target, it produces many neutrons, most of them will fly roughly in the same direction as the original protons. A collimator makes the beam more well-defined without too large losses.

In a nuclear reactor, you can use neutron reflectors with a gap - most neutrons don't become part of the beam, but you need most neutrons to keep the chain reaction alive anyway, and the high neutron flux still leads to an interesting flux for experiments.
 
Aidan Davis said:
The idea of a collaminator came to mind at first, but it seems very inefficient. Is there anything that reflects or reroutes them to make a beam?

Yes, neutron supermirrors are used for this purpose.
 

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