Determining Sun-Earth Distance: Parallax vs. Kepler's Law

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the methods used to determine the distance between the Earth and the Sun, specifically comparing parallax and Kepler's laws with other techniques such as radar measurements and lunar calculations. The scope includes theoretical and practical approaches to measuring astronomical distances.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes a method involving parallax measurements of Mars during opposition to determine the Earth-Mars distance, which is then used with Kepler's third law to find the Earth-Sun distance.
  • Another participant suggests an alternative method that involves calculating the Earth's mass using the Moon's period and distance, and then determining the Earth's angular velocity by referencing distant galaxies or stars.
  • A reference to transits of Mercury and Venus is provided, indicating another potential method for measuring the Earth-Sun distance.
  • A later reply mentions that radar is currently the technique used to measure the distance to Venus, noting the quick return time of radar pulses.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the best method for determining the Earth-Sun distance, as multiple competing views and methods are presented without resolution.

Contextual Notes

Some methods discussed rely on specific assumptions about orbital mechanics and measurement accuracy, while the effectiveness of each method may depend on the context and available technology.

Who May Find This Useful

Astronomy enthusiasts, students studying celestial mechanics, and individuals interested in historical and contemporary methods of astronomical measurement may find this discussion relevant.

Zman
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How is the sun Earth distance currently determined?

I read about a method where the distance between the Earth and Mars is determined when they are in opposition using parallax.
Knowing the orbit period of both Mars and the earth, Kepler’s third law is then used to determine the Earth sun distance.

Is this method seen as the best or is a different method used?
 
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I do not know if that's the best, but I think there another way.
First we can calculate the mass of the Earth via the period of the Moon and its distance from the Earth. Then identify the angular velocity of the Earth around the Sun by directing to the faraway galaxies or stars at exactly one moment at night, say at 0:00
 
Thanks D H for the reference to the Quest for the AU article. The history was very interesting and it answered my question which is that Radar is the technique used today.
Its only about 5 mins for the radar pulse to return from venus at closest approach.
 

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