Do stars have any lower mass limit?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the existence of a lower mass limit for stars, particularly in relation to the recently discovered star EBLM J0555-57Ab, which has a mass of 85 times that of Jupiter. Participants explore the implications of this discovery for our understanding of stellar formation and classification, including the distinctions between main sequence stars and brown dwarfs.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that EBLM J0555-57Ab is among the smallest stars capable of sustaining nuclear fusion, speculating that it likely undergoes hydrogen fusion.
  • One participant states that the theoretical limit for a main sequence star's mass is about 80 times the mass of Jupiter, suggesting that below this threshold, degeneracy pressure prevents proton-proton fusion.
  • Another participant mentions a theoretical minimum mass for a star at 6.7% of solar mass, indicating that this is a debated figure and not universally accepted.
  • There is a correction regarding the mass limits, with some participants asserting that the lower limit for sustained fusion is around 80 times the mass of Jupiter, while others reference a different figure of 13 times the mass of Jupiter, leading to confusion.
  • One participant highlights that the lower limit for classification between red dwarfs and brown dwarfs may be lower than previously thought, suggesting ongoing research in this area.
  • Participants express that the lower limit for stellar mass is not definitively established and may have considerable variability.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the exact lower mass limit for stars, with multiple competing views presented regarding the thresholds for fusion and classifications of stellar types. The discussion remains unresolved with differing interpretations of the data.

Contextual Notes

There are inconsistencies in the figures presented regarding the mass limits for stars, and participants acknowledge the potential for errors or typos in earlier statements. The discussion reflects the complexity of defining stellar classifications and the ongoing nature of research in this field.

Sid
Just read an article about a discovery of the smallest/least massive star in the Milky Way galaxy. The star has 85 times the mass of Jupiter and is known as EBLM J0555-57Ab located about 600 light-years from Earth.

The entire article here - http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/smallest-star-discovered-1.4199325
 
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hi th
Sid said:
Just read an article about a discovery of the smallest/least massive star in the Milky Way galaxy. The star has 85 times the mass of Jupiter and is known as EBLM J0555-57Ab located about 600 light-years from Earth.

The entire article here - http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/smallest-star-discovered-1.4199325
Hi there welcome :smile:

I am surprised that that star could be so small and star nuclear fusion ... pretty amazing

Dave
 
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In answer to the title question, that star is just about as small as the mass can get and still have fusion. They didn't say what type of fusion though, but I presume it's hydrogen fusion because I think if it's only deuterium they call it a brown dwarf.
 
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The theoretical limit to a main sequence star's mass is about 80 times the mass of Jupiter, or 0.08 the mass of the sun. Otherwise degeneracy pressure prevents pp fusion from occurring. This is described in most any introductory astronomy textbook.
 
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Sid said:
Just read an article about a discovery of the smallest/least massive star in the Milky Way galaxy. The star has 85 times the mass of Jupiter and is known as EBLM J0555-57Ab located about 600 light-years from Earth.

The entire article here - http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/smallest-star-discovered-1.4199325
What is particularly interesting about this star is that it was discovered in transit, and because it was only the size of Saturn they incorrectly classified it as an exoplanet. They also recently estimated the minimum mass for a star at 6.7% of Sol, or 70.2 solar masses assuming the same solar metallicity. However, the 6.7% of Sol is theoretical, whereas EBLM J0555-57Ab is observational.

Source:
Individual Dynamical Masses of Ultracool Dwarfs - arXiv free preprint, March 2017
 
DrSteve said:
The theoretical limit to a main sequence star's mass is about 13 times the mass of Jupiter, or 0.08 the mass of the sun. Otherwise degeneracy pressure prevents pp fusion from occurring. This is described in most any introductory astronomy textbook.
Those numbers seem inconsistent with each other, perhaps it's a typo. I'm more familiar with the numbers found in the Wiki on Main Sequence stars: "The lower limit for sustained proton–proton nuclear fusion is about 0.08 M☉ or 80 times the mass of Jupiter.[30]" So the 0.08 is right, but not the 13 times, making this star about the smallest mass you can have and still be a main sequence star.
 
My mistake. It's thought to be around 80 times the mass of Jupiter. Just like the upper limit, I imagine that the lower limit has considerable wiggle room. I have edited my post to correct the number. Thanks
 
There is new observational work that suggests the dividing line between red dwarfs and brown dwarfs is not 8% solar but 6.7% solar: See New Scientist and Physics Forums
 
Yes, the lower limit was never meant to be set in stone (nor is the upper limit).
 

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